Bulgaria – investment climate and business opportunities

Bulgaria – geographic location EU and EFTA Russia and CIS Turkey and Middle East  Strategic geographic location in South-East Europe  Offers direct access to markets like: EU, Russia, Turkey and The Middle East  5 Pan-European transport corridors pass through Bulgaria

Why invest in Bulgaria?  Political and business stability −EU member −Currency board −Low budget deficit and government debt  Low cost of doing business −10% corporate tax rate (0% in high unemployment areas) −10% personal income tax −Lowest cost of labor within EU −Favorable office rents and low cost of utilities  Access to markets −European Union / EFTA −Russia −Turkey / Middle East  Educated and skilled workforce  Government incentives

Macroeconomic indicators Real GDP GrowthInflation (HICP) Unemployment FDI Inflow Source: Bulgarian National Bank, Eurostat % * % % % 2007 EU-28BulgarianEU-28Bulgarian , , , , , , , ,222 € mln. EU-28Bulgarian * September

FDI in Bulgaria comes mostly from EU countries and is concentrated in four main sectors Source: Bulgarian National Bank FDI by host country, (€ mln.)FDI flows by industry, (€ mln.) Telecom Construction Energy Trade Real Estate Finance Manufacturing Other (10) Switzerland (9) Italy (8) USA (7) Russia (6) Cyprus (5) UK (4) Germany (3) Greece (2) Austria (1) Netherlands6376.3

Government financial indicators Source: Eurostat Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic Bulgaria Belgium Average budget deficit/surplus ( ) Poland -6%-5%-4%-3%-2%-13%-12%-11%-1% Latvia Cyprus Italy Romania Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Portugal Lithuania Luxembourg Spain France Iceland United Kingdom Sweden -7% Finland Slovakia Slovenia 15%1%0% Turkey Croatia Norway Average government debt ( )

Bulgaria was the only European country with increased credit rating by Moody’s in 2010 and 2011 *The TE credit rating is driven by a model created at Trading Economics. Source: Trading Economics Rating Country credit ratings comparison Q Country S&P RatingMoody's ratingFitch Rating TE Rating* Czech RepublicAA-StableA1StableA+Stable79.28Stable PolandA-StableA2StableA-Stable67.41Stable ItalyBBBNegativeBaa2NegativeBBB+Negative62.09Negative BulgariaBB+StableBaa2StableBBB-Stable54.24Stable SpainBBB-StableBaa3NegativeBBBNegative52.55Negative CroatiaBB+StableBaa3NegativeBBB-Negative48.85Stable MacedoniaBBStable BB+Stable47.5Stable RomaniaBB+StableBaa3NegativeBBB-Stable47.35Stable TurkeyBB+StableBa1PositiveBBB-Stable44.58Stable HungaryBBStableBa1NegativeBB+Stable42.58Stable SerbiaBB-Negative BB-Negative40Negative UkraineBNegativeCaa1NegativeBStable28.75Negative

The lowest taxes in EU Country comparison Country Income Tax (%)Social Security (%) VAT (%) CorporateIndividualEmployerEmployee Bulgaria(*)10 17,9-18,512,920 Serbia ,9 20 Romania16 28,4516,524 Hungary10/191628,518,527 Czech Rep Poland1918/3222,1413,723 Turkey Slovakia ,813,420 UK Italy27, Spain3024, ,96,3521 Germany (effective) ,720,619 France33,335, ,60 Source: Worldwide-tax

Bulgaria has one of the lowest business costs in Europe Gas prices for industrial users in Europe Source: Eurostat Hungary Romania Turkey Germany Estonia Bulgaria Czech Rep EU average Slovakia €/kWh, 2013€/Gigajoule, 2013 Electricity prices for industrial users in Europe EU average Austria Poland Bulgaria Czech Republic Italy Germany France Spain

Salaries in Bulgaria Source: IBA Analysis, National Statistics Institute Average salary by position, EUR per month Labour cost / Salary % of the Gross Salary Top Management Management R&D Engineers TechniciansSkilled labor Unskilled labor In EUR, per month LowHighLowHighLowHighLowHighLowHighLowHigh Net Salary Employee 77,1% Gross Salary Employee 100% Total Cost for Company 117,9% Average gross salary by region, EUR per month Statistical regionNorth-WestNorth CentralNorth-EastSouth-EastSouth-WestSouth Central

Physical and chemical sciences Manufacturing and processing Agriculture, forestry and aquacultures Computing Mathematics and statistics Architecture and building Personal services Law Humanities Teacher training and education science Health Social and behavioural science Engineering and engineering trades Business and administration67113 TOTAL: (‘Bachelor’, ‘Master’, ‘Doctor’) Students in Bulgaria by narrow field of education in universities and colleges in 2012/13 academic year Source: National Statistics Institute A big number of students study in universities in Europe and USA

Bulgaria has highly-qualified, well-motivated, flexible and multilingual labour force  53 Universities, colleges and higher schools  494 Vocational gymnasiums and colleges  Bulgarian students in foreign countries  24,6% Population hold university degree  7% Workforce has engineering degrees  45,5% Population speak at least one foreign language  85% Students studied English Total number of higher schools*53 Universities and equivalent higher schools45 Colleges29 Independent colleges8 Colleges, at the universities and equivalent higher schools 21 *Incl. universities and equivalent higher schools and independent colleges 1 Blagoevgrad Sofia 6 Plovdiv Burgas Varna Veliko Tarnovo 1 Number of universities in some of the biggest cities Business field Technical sciencesOther Source: National Statistics Institute

The government supports specific industries under the Investment Promotion Act (IPA)  Investments must be related to the following sectors: −Manufacturing −Research & development −Education −Healthcare −High-tech services −Warehousing and logistics  Minimum investment amounts must exceed €2.5m −€1m in regions with high unemployment and €0.5m for investment projects in high-tech services  Benefits for certified investors include: −Shortened administrative procedures −Preferential acquisition of state or municipal land −Financial support for professional training / education −Infrastructure subsidies −Labor cost subsidies −Individual administrative services

Biggest investors are supported through a priority investment scheme  Priority projects can be related to all sectors of the economy, which do not contradict regulation 800/2008 of the European Commission −Subsidies not allowed in mining, primary agriculture production, and shipbuilding  Priority projects should exceed €50m and create at least 200 new working places for a 3-year period −€25m working places for certain manufacturing projects −€10m + 50 working places for high-tech services and R&D  Priority projects receive all benefits for certified investors, as well as the following: −Lowest possible costs for the acquisition of government and municipal land + waived taxes for land status changes −Working group for project support is assigned by the Council of Ministers −Financial grant scheme for up to 10% of the investment project cost (50% for R&D)

Attractive FDI sectors  Services: −Transport and Logistics −Information technologies −Outsourcing of business processes −Health and tourism related to healthy lifestyle  Industry: −Transport equipment and machine building −Electronics and Electrical engineering −Chemical industry −Food and Agriculture  Resources: −Mineral water −Tourism −Balneology −Alternative energy

Leading global investors have chosen Bulgaria IT developmentBack office operations Chemical and metal Industry EngineeringFood

Invest Bulgaria Agency IBA services:  Macroeconomic data on Bulgaria  Legal advice  Data on operational costs  Regional information: industrial zones and infrastructure, data on unemployment, skilled labour force and level of education  Recommendation of investment project sites  Identification of potential suppliers, contract manufacturers and joint-venture partners  Personalized administrative servicing  Liaison with central and local governments  Liaison with branch chambers and NGOs InvestBulgaria Agency is a Government investment promotion arm, part of the Ministry of Economy and Energy

InvestBulgaria Agency Sofia 1000, 31 Aksakov Str. Phone: (+359 2) Fax: (+359 2) Web: