Mariano Marcos State University COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Laoag City

THE THEORY OF ARCHETYPAL IN LITERATURE: A Study Guide on the Philippine Myths: Sandayo and Tuwaang

BACKGROUND OF THE THEORY OF ARCHETYPAL IN LITERATURE It is a type of critical theory that interprets a text by focusing on recurring myths and archetypes in the narrative, symbols, images, and character types in a literary work.

SANDAYO (overview) Sandayo, of the Subanon, tells of the story of the hero who is born through extraordinary circumstances as he fell out of the hair of his mother while she was combing it on the ninth stroke. Thence, he leads his people in the fight against invaders of their land and waterways.

TUWAANG (overview) It is a tale of the Manuvu about a certain wedding guest named Tuwaang, who became the bride’s groom.

THE GENERAL PRECEPTS of ARCHETYPAL CRITICISM

Line/words Evidence of the General Precept Justification Archetypal criticism agrees that archetypes determine the form and function of literary works that a text’s meaning is shaped by cultural and psychological myths. Sandayo shows his affection for Bolak Sonday by accepting her mama or betel- nut chew. In Mindanao, particularly in Subanon, the betel-nut chew is a cultural symbol for acceptance of love usually given by women to their love interest. Tuwaang produced his dowry with his mysterious breath. Before weddings, it is a custom for men to give dowry or a part of their wealth to the woman whom they will marry.

Line/words Evidence of the General Precept Justification 2. Archetypal criticism proceeds from the initial assumption that every work of literature can be categorized and fitted into a large framework that encompasses all literature. Sandayo is brought to the center of the sun by his monsala or scarf. Tuwaang rode on his lightning and soon reached Kawkawangan. In the two myths, both of the main characters possess mythical means of transportation such as the scarf of Sandayo and lightning of Tuwaang. Using his magic, Sandayo produces the dowry composed of money, gongs and jars. With his mysterious breath, Tuwaang produced a gold flute, guitar and gong. The two myths have common motifs such as the musical instruments for dowry.

Line/words Evidence of the General Precept Justification Salaria combed her hair and on the ninth stroke, Sandayo was born. Before Tuwaang proceeded to the battle, the bride combed his hair dearly. The presence of comb is evident in both literary pieces but they differ in meaning. Wherein, the birth of Sandayo, the comb was an instrument of his birth. While in Tuwaang, the comb was used to express the affection of a woman to a man.

Line/words evidence of the general precept Justification 3. The archetypal hero appears in all religions, mythologies, and epics of the world. He is an expression of our personal and collective unconscious. The mother of Sandayo combed her hair after taking a bath in the river and on the ninth stroke, Sandayo was born. In archetypal criticism, an archetypal hero must undergo to the stages namely: The archetypal hero must have undergone mythical birth. Sandayo had a battle with Domondianay which lasted for two years. There must be a subjugation of enemies.

Line/words evidence of the general precept Justification Sandayo lived in Liyasan while his family resides in Lumanay. An archetypal hero must be in an initiation wherein he is involved in an adventure and he is separated from his family. When Sandayo died, the two ladies found out that his soul was a captive of the Amazons of Piksiipan. The two ladies recovered his soul and resurrected him The archetypal hero may die but at the end, he should be resurrected .

THE guide questions

1. Is the text’s meaning shaped by cultural and psychological myth? 2. Are there archetypes considered as the unknowable basic forms personified or concretized in recurring images, symbols and patterns?

3. Does the literary piece focus on the history of gods and other allusions that involve mythology? 4. Are the symbols used in the literary piece universal?

5. Does the archetypal hero in the literary piece undergo archetypal events such as mythical birth, subjugation, initiation, transformation and return?

REFERENCES Archetypal Criticism. Retrieved on October 12, 2014, from http://www.powershow.com/view/3b0ac1- NTNlN/Archetypal_Criticism_powerpoint_ppt_presen tation Free Essays on Summary of Tuwaang attends a Wedding. Retrieved on October 13, 2014, from http://www.brainia.com/topics/summary-of-tuwaang- attends-a-wedding/0 Philippine Folk Poetry. Retrieved on October 13, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_epic_poetry

This PowerPoint presentation THE THEORY OF ARCHETYPAL IN LITERATURE: A Study Guide on the Philippine Myths: SANDAYO AND TUWAANG was formulated to address the needs of the students as well as the teachers in studying literary criticism. Furthermore, this could be a useful guide for the Literary Criticism students for it serves as an avenue for them to learn the theory of archetypal as well as to facilitate in analyzing different literary pieces using this theory. Moreover, this presentation includes a Philippine Literary myth which will be helpful for the Filipino Students since there is a shortage of published Philippine Literary Pieces.

This PowerPoint presentation THE THEORY OF ARCHETYPAL IN LITERATURE: A Study Guide on the Philippine Myths: SANDAYO AND TUWAANG was created by Ma. Irene Carlina Guerrero and Angel Gabriel Lerios with their consultant Professor Jahnese Asuncion. This presentation is one of the collection of presentations about the different trends and theories of Literary Criticism by the BSE Junior students of Mariano Marcos State University – College of Teacher Education major in English, taking up Literary Criticism subject.

About the writers MA. IRENE CARLINA G. GUERRERO is currently taking up the degree of Bachelor in Secondary Education with English as her field of specialization at the Mariano Marcos State University – College of Teacher education (CTE), Laoag City. At present, she is an active officer of the Student Council and the Communication Arts Guild. ANGEL GABRIEL C. LERIOS is currently taking up the degree of Bachelor in Secondary Education with English as his field of specialization at the Mariano Marcos State University – College of Teacher education (CTE), Laoag City. At present, he is a consistent qualifier in the national musical competitions .

About the Editor / Consultant Jahnese Domingo-Asuncion is a professor at the Mariano Marcos State University – College of Teacher education (CTE), Laoag City. She finished the degrees of Bachelor in Secondary Education, major in English and Minor in Social Studies; and Masters of Arts in Education, major in Language and Literature at MMSU. She is currently enrolled in Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics. She teaches Language and Literature courses in the collegiate level. She was also involved in training Korean and Chinese students in the English Crash Course Program for foreign students of CTE. She is currently the co-adviser of CTE Bulletin and the Coordinator of Student Activities.

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