Sonnet 61 Michael Drayton S. Cooperman, 2014

Michael Drayton 1563-1631 Drayton is considered an important minor poet of the 17th century, second only to Sidney, Spenser, and Jonson. As a writer of many historical poems, popular interest in him waned. He was socially inferior to Shakespeare and lacked a university degree, so he worked as a servant in the home of of Thomas Goodyer and later as a secretary to Sir Walter Aston. Drayton’s sense of truthfulness failed to earn him money, but he did have the respect of his fellow writers. S. Cooperman, 2014

background Drayton’s sixty-three sonnets are in a portfolio titled Idea; Sonnet 61 is considered the best. The rest of the sonnets are mediocre. Sonnet 61 is assumed to be addressed to Anne Goodyere who later became Lady Rainsford. The sonnet describes his passion for Anne and her failure to reciprocate for he was poor and she was of noble birth. bryanbaldwin.hubpages.com S. Cooperman, 2014

Sonnet 61 Since there’s no help, come let us kiss and part Nay, I have done, you get no more of me, And I am glad, yea, glad with all my heart That thus so cleanly I myself can free; Shake hands forever, cancel all our vows, And when we meet at any time again, Be it not seen in either of our brows That we one jot of former love retain. Now at the last gasp of love’s latest breath, When, his pulse failing, Passion speechless lies When Faith is kneeling by this bed of death, And Innocence is closing up his eyes; Now if thou wouldst, when all have given him over, From death to life thou mightiest him yet recover. quentinmccall.com S. Cooperman, 2014

Structure The form follows the Elizabethan sonnet sequence of three quatrains followed by a couplet. The rhyme scheme also follows tradition: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. The first eight lines (octet) comprise one sentence, followed by another sentence of six lines (sestet). The theme, however, is similar to Petrarchan sonnets as the speaker’s lover is unresponsive. This makes the concluding couplet unusual compared to other sonnets because the speaker asks for another chance. kenyanbachelor.blogspot.com S. Cooperman, 2014

askmen.com Monosyllabic words reveal his simple, yet direct, message. Abundance of caesura and the repetition of “glad” reflects the speaker’s attempt to convince himself that he is happily free. Since there’s no help, come let us kiss and part Nay, I have done, you get no more of me, And I am glad, yea, glad with all my heart That thus so cleanly I myself can free; Imperative stresses finality of the relationship. The choice diction— “since”—places the octet in the past. The only two-syllable words in the first quatrain place emphasis on the speaker’s need to separate himself. S. Cooperman, 2014

onlinefreecomputers.com Adverbs set time frame and hint at finality of love. Shake hands forever, cancel all our vows, And when we meet at any time again, Be it not seen in either of our brows That we one jot of former love retain. Imperatives attempt to show certainty in speaker’s response to rejection. Choice of diction, “jot,” shows force, whereas the inverted syntax reveals his attempt to convince himself. Synecdoche attempts to distance himself from pain and reduces significance of the relationship. It also avoids the eyes, which may reveal too much emotion. S. Cooperman, 2014

Alliteration of “love’s latest” creates a breathlessness and resignation whereas the alliteration of “pulse…Passion” add poignancy. drjudithorlog.com Caesura reflects the “pulse failing.” Now at the last gasp of love’s latest breath, When, his pulse failing, Passion speechless lies When Faith is kneeling by this bed of death, And Innocence is closing up his eyes; Tone becomes melancholy as speaker employs personification to convey images of death—death to emotions that make one feel alive. Inverted syntax places emphasis on “speechless” for there is nothing left to say. S. Cooperman, 2014

Now if thou wouldst, when all have given him over, From death to life thou mightiest him yet recover. makinghimadoreyou.com Caesura reflects his desire to reconsider. This volta, or twist, adds a surprise to the sonnet. Though the speaker gave the impression that all has ended, he reveals in the couplet that the relationship could revive itself if she changes her mind. Inverted syntax places emphasis on his feelings of devastation. S. Cooperman, 2014

Works cited quotko.com http://ardhendude.blogspot.com/2012/07/michael-draytons-since-theres-no-help.html http://aspoetryanalysis.weebly.com/index.html http://literatureencore.net/?p=74 http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/michael-drayton S. Cooperman, 2014