12: RIZAL IN JAPAN (FEB-APR 1888)

I am inviting you live with us at the Spanish Legation, Pepe! Certainly! This will be economical on my part. Besides, I have nothing to hide

IMPRESSION ON JAPAN

RICKSHAW

Legation Gate

O-SEI-SAN

English & French?

No woman, like you, has ever loved me and sacrificed for me. YOU TEMPT ME!

LEFT JAPAN: APRIL 13, 1888 ARRIVED IN SAN FRANCISCO: APRIL 28, 1888 TRAVEL TIME FROM JAPAN TO US: 16 DAYS

Tetcho Suehiro a champion of human rights was forced by the Japanese government to leave his country Storm over the Sea, which resembles Noli Me Tangere and The Big Ocean, which resembles El Filibusterismo

13: RIZAL IN UNITED STATES (LESS THAN A MONTH)

SHIP WITH COOLIES

To win the votes of the whites in California (election was near), the administration: impeded the entry of Chinese coolies

Oakland

Nevada

Utah

Denver, Colorado

Nebraska

Missouri River

Illinois

Niagara Falls

Albany, New York

IMPRESSION OF AMERICA POSITIVE The opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants Material progress of the country as shown in great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries, busy factories Drive and energy of the American people Natural beauty of the land High standard of living NEGATIVE America is a land par excellence of freedom but only for the whites

14: RIZAL IN LONDON (1888-89)

TRIP ACROSS THE ATLANTIC

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Isles) Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Isles). – Antonio de Morga It was necessary to discuss the past! To awaken our past consciousness To rectify what has been removed from our culture annotations that showed the Philippines was an advanced civilization prior to the Spanish conquest

Boarder: Beckett Family (Gertrude) TERMS OF ENDEARMENT? Rizal called her “Gettie she called him “Pettie” Rizal suddenly realized that he could not marry Gettie: for he had a mission to fulfill in life

Persecution of the Filipino patriots BAD NEWS FROM HOME Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the “Anti- Friar Petition of 1888”

Persecution of the Calamba tenants, including Rizal’s family and relatives: for their courage to petition the government for agrarian reforms. Furious attacks on Rizal by some Senators in the Spanish Cortes by some media men in Spanish newspapers

Rizal’s brother-in-law, Manuel Hidalgo, husband of Saturnina: was exiled by Governor General Weyler to Bohol without due process of law. A friend of Rizal, Laureano Viado, a medical student at the University of Santo Tomas, was arrested and jailed in Bilibid Prison because copies of the Noli were found in his house

GOOD NEWS Rev. Vicente Garcia’s defense of the Noli against the attacks of the friars Rizal’s letter to Garcia: From time to time turn our gaze upon our elders. We shall wish to read in their countenances approval of our actions To learn of the Philippines’ past which we need to understand in order to plan intelligently for the future

MARIANO PONCE & MORGA'S BOOK

LEADER OF FILIPINOS IN EUROPE Filipinos in Barcelona who were planning to establish a patriotic society which would cooperate in the crusade for reforms This society, called Associacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association) Rizal: honorary President (recognition of his leadership)

Advice of Jose Tolerance should prevail: No one should resent defeat when it concerns trifles that do not affect the essential part of a thing No one should resent defeat The individual should give way to the welfare of the society

Advice of Jose A great deal of integrity and much good will No member should expect rewards or honors for what he does expect to be later treated unjustly because in anomalous countries, injustice is the prize for those who fulfill their duties.

GRACIANO LOPEZ-JAENA

"THE NEWSPAPER" Graciano Lopez Jaena (VICE-PRESIDENT) served as: founded the patriotic newspaper called La Solidaridad in Barcelona served as: the organ of the Propaganda Movement

Aims of La Solidaridad: To work peacefully : for political and social reforms To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that Spain may remedy them

Aims of La Solidaridad To oppose: the evil forces of reaction and medievalism To advocate: liberal ideas and progress To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people: to life, democracy, and happiness

Jose's letter to Jaena See that the periodical is: just, honest, and truthful so that its opinion may always be respected It is necessary that we show our enemies: that we are more worthy than they, morally and humanly speaking.

FIRST ARTICLE IN LA SOLIDARIDAD Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers) deplorable conditions in the Philippines which cause the backwardness of the country The Filipino farmer has to struggle not only against petty tyrants and robbers After the floods, locusts, fires, bad harvests: The farmer capitalist has to deal with the constable who takes away from his laborers for personal service Civil guard who arrests them for various reasons: to clean the barracks

WRITINGS IN LONDON “Dimas Salang” = satire depicting a spirited dialogue between St. Augustine and Fr. Rodriguez to write more stupidity so that all men may laugh at him.

"letter to the young women of Malolos" To praise the young ladies of Malolos: for their courage to establish a school where they could learn Spanish despite the opposition of Fr. Felipe Garcia, Spanish Parish Priest of Malolos Main points of the letter: A Filipino Mother should teach her children love of God, fatherland, and mankind

Main points of the letter The Filipino Mother should be glad, like the Spartan mother to offer her sons in the defense of fatherland. A Filipino woman should know how: to preserve her dignity and honor

Main points of the letter A Filipino woman should: educate herself, aside from retaining her good racial virtues Faith is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing religious pictures: but rather it is living the real Christian way, with good morals and good manners

Articles of Rizal: Trubner's Record (journal to Asian studies) Proverbs Low words are stronger than loud words New king, new fashion The poor gets poorer, the rich richer Man promises while in need He who believes in tales has no own mind The saving man may afterwards be cheerful The most difficult to rouse from sleep is the man who pretends to be asleep The fish is caught through the mouth The sleeping shrimp is carried away by the current While a people preserves its language; it preserves the marks of liberty. It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great ideal. It is like a stone wasted on the field without becoming a part of any edifice. There can be no tyrants where there are no slaves.

Puzzles I am brave against two, coward against one He carries me, I carry him A deep well filled with steel blades

SCULPTURAL WORKS Prometheus Bound The Triumph of Death over Life (given to Blumentritt) The Triumph of Science over Death (given to Blumentritt) A composite carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters