Marine Ecology البيئة البحرية Prepared by: Dr. Hanan M Mitwally Associate professor Marine Biology Oceanography Department Faculty of Science University of Alexandria Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Objectives Definition What are the differences between marine Biology and marine Ecology? Ecology and Complexity: organisms, populations and communities. Importance of marine life. Marine life forms. Marine biology habitats. Littoral zone. Pelagic zone Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology What Are The Differences Between Marine Ecology And Marine Biology? Use the Adjacent figures To answer the above question. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Marine biology differs from marine ecology as: Marine Ecology is focused on how organisms interact with each other and environment. Marine Biology is the study of the animal itself. Tide pools with sea stars and Sea anemones,California A giant grouper. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology What is Marine Biology? Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Definition: Marine biology: is the scientific study of living organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water. In biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land. Each habitat has its own organisms. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Definition: Marine Ecology is the branch of ecology dealing with the interdependence of all organisms living in the ocean, in shallow coastal waters, and on the seashore. The marine environment for all organisms consists of non-living, abiotic factors and living, biotic factors. Biotic Factors The biotic factors are the interactions among living organisms. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Abiotic Factors Dissolved gases Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Activity 2 (Abiotic factors) يطلب من الطلبة تقسيم العوامل الغير بيولوجية الى ثلاث مجاميع الاولى تشمل العوامل الفيزيائية Physical الثانية تشمل العوامل الكيميائيةChemical الثالثة تشمل العوامل الجيولوجية Geological يتم تقسيم الطلبة الى ثلاث مجاميع تبعا لاماكن جلوسهم.(هل هناك عوامل مشتركة؟) مدة النشاط 5 دقائق Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Physical Abiotic Factors Chemical substratum Dissolved gases geological Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Home Activity #2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater Human consumption of seawater Advantages and disadvantages of sea water human consumption http://www.livestrong.com/article/165405-what-are-the-nutrients-in-sea-water/ What Are the Nutrients in Sea Water? List and enumerate. Mention one benefit for each. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Individual Organisms Population COMPLEXITY Community Ecosystems Biosphere Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

What Are Marine Life Forms? Are they Plants? Are they Animals? Are they Bacteria? Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Marine Bacteria Zooplankton Phytoplankton Zoobenthos Invertebrate animals Phyto-Benthos &Macro-algae Nekton Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Marine Biology Habitats Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology The Benthic Zone Bottom substrate; often rich in detritus. ُExtends from the seashore to the deepest parts of the sea. Organisms that are living on bottom are Benthos. Littoral zone starting from the shoreline at the spray region and moves to the intertidal region between the high and low water marks, and then out as far as the edge of the continental shelf. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Differentiate between near shore and Off shore. An Assigment#3 Littoral Zone Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology The rocky shoreline showing a clear line, where high tide occurs. Littoral zone at a beach.. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Supralittoral zone Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides. Exposure to air Fresh water from rain. Cold and heat. Predation by land animals and seabirds. Organisms must adapted with Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Intertidal zone It is the area that is exposed to air at low tide and submerged at high tide. This area can be Steep rocky cliffs. Sandy beaches. or wetlands (e.g., vast mudflats). The area can be: Narrow strip, (Mediterranean sea) that have only a narrow tidal range. Many meters of shoreline (Red Sea). Low tide zone in California Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Barnacles &limpets in the intertidal zone

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Zonation of Intertidal zone Marine biologists and others divide the intertidal region into three zones (low, middle, and high), based on the overall average exposure of the zone. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology A rock, seen at low tide, exhibiting typical intertidal zonation. Mussels in the intertidal zone in, England. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Mediterranean sea is tide-less sea. The level of tide at most Egyptian Mediterranean coasts < 0.5m. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Red Sea In general tide ranges between 0.6 m in the north, near the mouth of the Gulf of Suez and 0.9 m in the south near the Gulf of Aden. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology White Abalone Nudibranchs sea urchin Sea lettuce Mussel Sculpin Red sea star Lined chiton Crabs Green algae Some intertidal organisms Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Subtidal Zone The areas where sunlight reaches the ocean floor. The water is never so deep as to take it out of the photic zone. This results in high primary production and makes the subtidal zone the location of the majority of sea life. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology The word pelagic comes from the Greek pélagos, = open sea. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Neritic zone: It is extending from low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf. Characters of Neritic zone: Shallow depth ≈ 200 meters. well-oxygenated water Low water pressure. Stable temperature and salinity levels. High photosynthetic activities from phytoplankton and floating sargassum . At the edge of the neritic zone, the continental shelves end rapidly descending to the deeper oceanic crust and the pelagic zone. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Oceanic zone Any water in the sea that starts beyond the continental shelves. offshore, high light levels, upper regions of water column Conditions change with depth: the pressure increases and there is less light. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Creatures of Neritic Zone: A-Free floating creatures: Microscopic phytoplankton Zooplankton. B- Nekton: Fish and their larvae. Small crustaceans. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology Summary Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology

Take Home Message Success Is An Energy Inside us God Supports It. Ass. Prof.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology