Scoping Work on Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Development Co-operation The OECD Development Assistance Committee Anna Drutschinin, OECD Development Co-operation Directorate 13 October 2014, Pyeongchang, Korea

Outline of presentation Trends in biodiversity-related aid –How much bilateral aid is flowing to biodiversity and how does it support other objectives? –What sectors and countries are top recipients? Development assistance support for capacity- building Development assistance to partner countries to mainstream biodiversity Development co-operation agency practices and strategies to mainstream biodiversity

How much bilateral aid is flowing to biodiversity? Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014 Bilateral biodiversity-related aid commitments by OECD DAC members reached USD 5.6 billion per year in , representing 4% of total bilateral aid and 4% of total activities. Lower bound (aid targeting biodiversity as a principal objective) = USD 2.3bn Development co-operation providers are increasingly targeting environmental synergies and co-benefits with their aid. In , of total biodiversity-related bilateral aid, 82% also targets climate change (adaptation, mitigation or both) and/or desertification.

Aid is concentrated: Over 80% of biodiversity-related aid in was in the sectors of general environment protection, agriculture, forestry, fishing, rural development, and water supply and sanitation Biodiversity-related aid represents a significant share of total aid to forestry (71%), fishing (39%), general environmental protection (37%), agriculture (16%) and water supply and sanitation (15%). Which sectors are receiving biodiversity-related aid? Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014 Five main sectors receiving biodiversity-related aid ­­ Average , bilateral commitments, USD billion, constant 2012 prices

Which countries are receiving biodiversity-related aid? CountryUSD million Share of total biodiversity- related ODA Brazil5279% India3566% Vietnam1683% Turkey1573% Indonesia1553% Ethiopia1162% China1102% Peru1092% Guyana972% Kenya781% Top ten countries receiving biodiversity-related aid ­­ Average , bilateral commitments, USD billion, constant 2012 prices In absolute terms, biodiversity-related aid concentrated in Brazil and India. In relative terms, biodiversity the greatest focus of aid commitments to Guyana (61% of bilateral aid had a biodiversity-related objective in ), Brazil (33%), Maldives (29%), Mauritius (20%) and Honduras (19%) Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014

Estimated bilateral support for biodiversity-related capacity building increased from approximately 25% of total bilateral biodiversity- related ODA in (USD 0.8 billion per year) to approximately 44% in (USD 2.5 billion per year). –Roughly equal across all income groups and regions (Europe is slightly higher (56%), Oceania is slightly lower (34%)). –Predominantly targeting biodiversity as a significant objective (70%) –Predominantly delivered through grants (88%) –85% supporting policy and administrative management (especially in environment and forestry, but also in agriculture, water, fishing, tourism, trade) –12% supports biodiversity-related research, education and training Development assistance support for capacity building

Development assistance to partner countries to mainstream biodiversity Financial and technical support to employ the mainstreaming policies and tools available –Belgium: communication, education, awareness through national Clearing House Mechanisms in Benin, Niger –Germany: technical support and training on Strategic Environmental Assessment in in mining and biofuels in Namibia –France: supporting Fair Trade Africa certification scheme to integrate biodiversity considerations into production systems in West African countries

Development co-operation agency practices and strategies to mainstream biodiversity Some agencies have introduced compulsory screening of their aid projects for impacts on biodiversity –e.g. Australia, Austria, EU, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, US –If potential impact on biodiversity detected: compulsory Environmental Impact Assessment/Environment Management Plan More development co-operation agencies are developing biodiversity strategies/policies in which mainstreaming is a key pillar –e.g. EU, France, Germany, US

OECD DAC CRS Rio marker statistics, analysis & access to data Biodiversity-related statistics and analysis Rio markers training workshop: workshop.htm OECD Environment and Development Homepage workshop.htm Rio Markers: and Biodiversity and Development: and