ST120 Concorde Career College, Portland Digestive System ST120 Concorde Career College, Portland

Digestive System Objectives: Define the term digestion. Describe the functions of the digestive system.

Digestive System Objectives: List and identify the structures of the digestive system and describe the function of each. List and identify the accessory structures of the digestive system and describe the function of each.

Digestive System Objectives: Describe the importance of adequate nutrition. Describe the mechanism by which the digestive system helps to maintain homeostasis.

Digestive System Objectives: Describe common diseases, disorders, and conditions of the digestive system including signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatment options. Demonstrate knowledge of medical terminology related to the digestive system verbally and in the written form.

Digestive System Digestion Mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic process by which ingested food is converted into material suitable for use at the cellular level.

Functions of the Digestive System Digestion Absorption Note: The digestive tract is also referred to as the alimentary tract or canal.

Wall of the Digestive Tract From outermost to innermost Serosa (visceral peritoneum) Muscularis (2 layers) Submucosa Mucosa

Peritoneum Parietal - lines the abdominal cavity Visceral - covers the organs

Mesentery Fanlike peritoneal fold that is attached posteriorly and attaches to the small intestine Contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic structures

Mesocolon Fanlike peritoneal fold that is attached posteriorly and attaches to the large intestine Contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic structures

Diseased Mesocolon

Greater Omentum Flap-like peritoneal structure containing fat that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the pelvis

Torsion of the Greater Omentum

Lesser Omentum Extends between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver

Digestive Organs Organs of the digestive tract (pathway) Accessory organs

Main Structures of the Digestive Tract Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine

Oral Cavity Functions: Ingestion Prepare ingested items for digestion Begin digestion of starch

Oral Cavity

Teeth Deciduous Permanent Structure

Mastication & Deglutition Salivary glands Muscles Deglutition

Salivary Duct Stone

Pharynx and Esophagus Convey ingested items to the stomach

Deglutition Note movement of food bolus

Impacted Esophageal Food Bolus

Stomach Divisions Curvatures Sphincters Muscles Rugae Gastric Juices Chyme

Rugae

Gastrectomy Specimen

Stomach Interior Goblet Cells - Produce mucus Parietal Cells - Produce hydrochloric acid Chief Cells - Produce pepsin

Small Intestine Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Villi

Large Intestine Cecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Ileocecal valve Vermiform appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus

Colectomy Specimen

Colectomy Specimen (Opened)

Rectum and Anus Rectum Anus Valves of Houston Anal columns Anal sinuses Anal valves Internal sphincter External sphincter

Accessory Structures Liver Gallbladder Pancreas

Liver Largest glandular organ in the body RUQ Two main lobes (right and left) Two small inferior lobes on the right

Gallbladder Located on the inferior surface of the liver Stores bile

Biliary Tree

Biliary Tree

Pancreas Endocrine gland Exocrine gland Extends from the duodenum (head) to the spleen (tail)

Digestion Breakdown of foods into usable substances

Endoscopic Procedures Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum Colonoscopy: visualization of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum. Sigmoidoscopy: visualization of the sigmoid colon Capsule endoscopy: a tiny video camera in a capsule that the pt. swallows. For 8 hrs it passes through the small intestine and transmits images of the walls of the small intestine.

Colonoscopy

Intestinal Disorders Diverticulosis: the condition of having diverticula small pouch or sac occurring in the lining or wall of a tubular organ such as the esophagus or colon Enteritis: inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens Gastroenteritis Irritable bowel syndrome: (IBS) unknown cause with symptoms that include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea.

Diverticular Disease

Some Procedures Gastrectmy Cholecystectomy Whipple pancreatectomy Diverticulectomy Ileectomy Jejunectomy Duodenectomy Colectomy Sigmoidectomy Proctectomy