World History Chapter 7 Lesson 2 Tokugawa Japan

Emperor Shogun Daimyo Samurai (warriors) Peasants Artisans Merchants

Justice (Gi)    Bravery (Yuu)    Benevolence (Jin)  

Politeness (Rei)   Veracity (Makoto) Honor (Meiyo)  

Loyalty (Chuugi)   

Japan Background By end of 1400s, Japan’s centralized government (Shogun rule) was falling apart. Fighting between the Daimyo (heads of noble families) who controlled vast areas of land and were fighting with one another. Logo of the Shoguns

Different Diamyo

Japanese Unification Unification began late 16th century (1500s) Three political figures: Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokugawa Ieyasu Oda Nabunaga

Oda Nobunaga Captures the royal capital, Kyoto and centralizes power in the surrounding area which is the central area of Japan.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi Farmer turned military commander Takes control and moves capital to Osaka He persuades the majority of the daimyo to accept his authority as central leader.

Tokugawa Ieyasu Daimyo of Edo Took control of Japan after Toyotomi’s death Restores central power Moves the capital to Edo (modern day Tokyo) “Great Peace” from 1598 to 1868

Europeans come to Japan First Portuguese traders arrive 1543 Welcomed, traded openly Weapons, tobacco, clocks and glasses from Europe

Europeans get kicked out Next Jesuit Missionaries At first converted many Daimyo But, Jesuits destroyed shrines resulting in Hideyoshi prohibiting Christian activities in his land (1549) Missionaries expelled Traders also removed Only 1 Dutch trading group remained w/ restrictions 16th Century Japanese Nanban screen showing the arrival of Jesuits in Japan Circa 1549

Tokugawa Rule Wanted to control the feudal system in Japan Land was divided into 250 hans (domains), which were ruled by daimyo Could be independent, but the shogun ruled by hostage system

Hostage system Each daimyo has 2 houses. 1 in Edo; 1 on their han When daimyo isn’t in Edo, his family must stay there (like hostages) so the daimyo don’t rebel

Economic Changes Trade and Industry grew Cities grew Edo +1 Million pop. Banking grew, paper money became the standard Merchant class grew Taxes increased Peasants suffered, some revolted Coins from the Edo period

Social Changes Strict class distinctions Laws separating them Emperor and imperial court Warriors Peasants/farmers Artisans Merchants Eta (outcasts) Laws separating them No intermarriage Eta skinning deer

Role of Women Restricted, especially in warrior class Rules: Influenced by Confucianism Rules: Parents determined marriage Men could divorce women who don’t fulfill their duties. Men controlled property. Were valued as mothers http://www.flickr.com/photos/24443965@N08/3492944934/in/set-72157617576425408/

Decline of Tokugawa Dynasty

Theater Kabuki No women performers Emphasizes action, music and gestures

Art and Architecture Need for homes in Edo caused nobles to compete for ‘best’ homes Used gold foil to reflect light in dark castles Also used height for defense Hirosaki Castle

Cultural Changes Literature Ihara Saikaku Poetry Popular in cities Lighthearted, for fun Ihara Saikaku “Five Women who Loved Love” Poetry More serious Haiku (5,7,5; about nature) Ex. Matsuo Basho

The most famous type of Japanese poem is called a haiku which came from poetry known as “aku renka” or just renga in which a group of people get together and write a collaborative poem. The first stanza of ”renga” with a 5-7-5 sound unit count is called hokku (発句). This stanza would be created by a special guest when present, and is considered a part of the greeting in a renga gathering. It must include a kigo (季語, "seasonal word"), as well as a kireji (切字, "cutting word" - a break in the text, usually, but not always, at the end of a line). The kigo usually references the season the renga was created in. Hokku, removed from the context of renga, eventually became the haiku poetry form.

Time of season/time of day are present (called a “kigo”) Rules for Haiku 17 syllables in 3 lines of 5/7/5 with a break at end of 1st or 2nd line with a “cutting” word so each section could be read separately An action occurs, usually an everyday, simple event that catches one’s attention Time of season/time of day are present (called a “kigo”) Descriptive- you should be able to see/hear/smell/taste/feel what happens

Furuike ya  kawazu tobikomu  mizu no oto - Basho Fu-ru (old) i-ke (pond) ya,  ka-wa-zu (frog) to-bi-ko-mu (jumping into)  mi-zu (water) no o-to (sound)  An old silent pond... A frog jumps in….SPLASH !!! Then.. Silence again. An old silent pond... A frog jumps in The sound of water

Winds bring petals of cherry A mountain village under the piled-up snow the sound of water.- Masaoka Shiki Night; and once again, while I wait for you, cold wind turns into rain. –Masaoka Shiki The winds that blow - ask them, which leaf on the tree will be next to go –Takahama From all directions Winds bring petals of cherry Into the blue lake I kill an ant and realize my three children have been watching. –Kato First autumn morning: the mirror I stare into shows my father's face –Kijo Murakami On New Year's Day I long to meet my parents as they were before my birth. -Soseki Natsume

Freeway overpass-- Blossoms in graffiti on fog-wrapped June mornings Faceless, just numbered. Lone pixel in the bitmap- I, anonymous. Glass balls and glowing lights. Dead tree in living room. Killed to honor birth.

waki (脇. ): The second stanza of a renga with a 7-7 sound unit count waki (脇?): The second stanza of a renga with a 7-7 sound unit count. The person who helped to organize the gathering is honored with creating it. daisan (第三?): The third stanza of a renga with a 5-7-5 mora count. It must end with the -te form of a verb to allow the next poet greater freedom in creating the stanza. hiraku (平句?): Refers to all verses other than the hokku, waki, daisan, and ageku. ageku (挙句?): The last stanza of a renga. Care should be taken to wrap up the renga.

Beneath the cherry blossoms When the moon is full. Another Japanese tradition takes some else’s entire haiku of 3 lines and you add 2 more lines of 7/7 to make a new haiku called a haikai. As was referenced earlier, groups of people would get together and write renga poems; the first person would do 3 lines of 5/7/5 then someone else would add to it with 7/7; then a 3rd would do 5/7/5 etc… with the only other rule being that whatever you added had to link your words to what was already written . Let’s try one now. Add two 7 syllable lines to one of these famous haiku: When it is my time….. Beneath the cherry blossoms When the moon is full. World History…bored with PowerPoints on Japan Will this ever end?

Your homework assignment due when you come into class next time is to write 2 complete, original haiku. The subject of your first haiku is to be a young child home from school on a snow day. Your 2nd haiku can be on any subject you wish.