Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Chapter 36 Activity and Exercise

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Body Mechanics, Exercise, and Activity Body alignment Body balance Coordinated body movement Friction Exercise and activity – Isotonic, isometric, resistive isometric exercises

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Regulation of Movement Skeletal muscle –Bones –Joints –Ligaments, tendons, cartilage

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Regulation of Movement (cont'd) Skeletal muscle –Movement –Posture –Groups Synergistic Antigravity

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Regulation of Movement (cont'd) Nervous system –Movement –Posture –Proprioception –Balance

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Principles of Body Mechanics Pathological influences –Congenital defects –Disorders of bones, joints, and muscles –Musculoskeletal trauma

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Developmental Changes in Appearance and Function Infants Toddlers School-aged children Adolescents Young to middle adults Older adults

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Behavioral Aspects Support by significant others, health care team Knowledge of exercise and activity Readiness to change behavior Program customized to meet personalized needs

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Environmental Issues Worksite Schools Community

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Psychosocial Issues Cultural and ethnic influences Family and social support

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Assessment Body alignment and posture –Standing –Sitting –Recumbent position

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Assessment (cont'd) Body alignment and posture (cont'd) –Mobility Range of motion Gait Exercise – Activity tolerance

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Nursing Diagnoses Activity intolerance Disturbed body image Risk for injury Impaired physical mobility Acute/Chronic pain

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Planning Goals and outcomes – Examples Participates in prescribed activity Expresses understanding of balancing rest and activity – Setting priorities – Continuity of care

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Implementation Health promotion: exercise programs Nursing safety –Body mechanics –Lifting techniques

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Implementation (cont'd) Acute care –Muscle strengthening, isometric exercise –Joint mobility: ROM, CPM machines

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Implementation (cont'd) Ambulation –Nurse assistance –Assistive devices Walkers Canes Crutches

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Implementation (cont'd) Restoration of activity –Coronary heart disease –Hypertension –COPD –Diabetes mellitus

Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Evaluation Activity tolerance Mobility, balance Client expectations