Immune response (lymphoid) system. Immune response system includes: Diffuse lymphoid infiltration Lymphoid follicles (nodules) MALT, GALT, BALT Tonsils.

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Presentation transcript:

Immune response (lymphoid) system

Immune response system includes: Diffuse lymphoid infiltration Lymphoid follicles (nodules) MALT, GALT, BALT Tonsils (Waldeyer’s ring) Lymph nodes Spleen Thymus gland Red bone marrow

Waldeyer’s ring: Palatine tonsils (paired) Tubal tonsils (paired) Pharyngeal tonsil (single) Lingual tonsil (single) Laryngeal tonsil (occasional) Tonsillar structure: Crypts Epithelial lining Lymphoid nodules (follicles) surrounding crypts

Lymph node structure: Cortex (Lymphoid nodules with germinal centers) Paracortex (Deep cortex, T-lymphocytes) Medulla (Medullary cords) Sinuses: Marginal (subcapsular) Cortical (paratrabecular) Medullary Hilary

Spleen structure: White pulp Lymphatic nodules with central arteries Periarterial lymphatic sheaths (PALS) Red pulp Trabecules with arteries and veins Cords of Billroth

Thymus gland structure: Thymic lobule is a structural unit, consisting of epithelioreticulocytes infiltrated with thymocytes (T-lymphocytes). Each lobule includes: Cortex + Medulla (including Hassal corpuscles) During ageing thymus undergoes involution resulting in transformation into corpus adiposum Under stressfull conditions thymus undergoes accidental involution

Red bone marrow: Location: flat bones and epiphysial parts of long bones Structure: Osseous trabecules of spongy bones Reticular connective tissue Pluripotent hemopoetic cells with clasters of differentiating red and white blood cells