Section1 The Study of Geography

 Why is Texas among the fastest growing states?  How many professional sports teams does San Francisco have?  Is Michigan part of the Rust Belt?  Where is Zanzibar?  How did the invention of the refrigerated train car affect farmers?

 Which of those questions has to do with geography?

 How do geographers use tools to understand the world?  What are the five themes of geography?  How do geographers identify location, place, and region?  Why do geographers study movement and human-environment interaction?

 Geography  GIS  Absolute location  Hemisphere  Relative location  Character of a place  Perception  Formal region  Functional region  Perceptual region

GEOGRAPHIC THEMESANNAPOLIS  Place  Region  Location  Movement  Human-Environment Interaction

 Geography is the study of where people, places and things are located and how they relate to each other.

 SONAR- SOund, NAvigation, and Ranging 1906-to detect icebergs; important military tool for detecting submarines

 Landsat Remote-sensing technology  GPS Global positioning system 24 satellites analyzing info about a location  GIS Combination of data from satellite photos, census results, or tax assessors “layered” info

 What is the location of a place?  What is the character of a place?  How are places similar to and different from other places?  How do people, goods, and ideas move between places?  How do people interact with the natural environment of a place

 Absolute Location

 Relative Location

 Character of a place: both physical and human characteristics

 Formal regions: ex. Chinatown  Functional regions: ex. Amazon River Basin  Perceptual regions: ex. Upper Midwest

 Which is greater, the impact of the earth on people or the impact of people on the earth?

 How do scientists classify the earth’s major physical characteristics?  What physical processes affect the earth’s crust?  What theories help scientists understand the earth’s past?

 The Earth’s Layers

 Land, Air, and Water Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere

 Volcanoes  Movements in the Crust How do these two physical processes shape the earth?

 Landforms and Water Bodies

 CONVECTION!! Think lava lamp!

 MAKING PHYSICAL MAPS! Each group will be assigned a specific continent. Each group will draw a physical map for their continent, including mountains, hills, plains, and plateaus. Groups may use their physical maps to guide them. Then write a short explanation of how plate movement or volcanic activity may have created some of the continent’s many features! These will be presented!

 What are the lasting effects of the two kinds of weathering-mechanical and chemical-on the physical landscape of a place?  How do the three most common causes of erosion—water, wind, and glaciers—alter the physical landscape of a place?

 Weathering  Mechanical weathering  Chemical weathering  Acid rain  Erosion  Sediment  Loess  Glacier  Moraine

 How does this image display weathering?

 Explain what you think happened to this rock:

 The movement of weathered materials such as gravel, soil, and sand. Three most common causes: Water Wind Glaciers

 What is sediment?  Why is erosion necessary for plant life?  How does erosion hurt some places and help others?  How does erosion affect people?

 Draw three simple illustrations depicting wind, water, and glacial erosion.