Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Lecture 3 Social Cognition. Social Cognition: Outline Introduction Controlled and Automatic Processing Ironic Processing Schemas Advantages and disadvantages.
Advertisements

David Myers Chapter 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments
PERCEPTION DALEEP PARIMOO.
Cognitive – Experiential Domain Personality from the Inside Emphasis on subjective, conscious experience How you think, feel, perceive your social world.
Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World
Reasons for Unreason Attitudes About The World Reasons for Unreason Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Social Cognition AP Psychology.
What Is Perception, and Why Is It Important?
Organizational Behaviour
Schemas and Heuristics
Chapter 4: Perceiving Persons Part 2: Sept. 19, 2011.
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Social Beliefs and Judgments Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Social Psychology by David G. Myers 8 th Edition Social Beliefs and Judgments.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Journey Into Self-Awareness “Know Thyself.” ~ Socrates.
Social Cognition: Thinking About People
Chapter 4: Perceiving Persons Part 3: Sept. 22, 2010.
1 Social Perceptions Inter-Act, 13 th Edition Chapter 2.
Chapter 3: Social Cognition
DO NOW:  What is cognition (it’s okay to guess)?  Prepare your spring break extra credit to turn in (if you have it).
The Best of Both Worlds of Psychology and Sociology
Sources and Consequences of Attitudes.. Objectives Define attitudes Define attitudes Describe job satisfaction and its relationship to productivity Describe.
Social Cognition and Perception
Thinking. So what is ‘thinking’? In a general sense, thinking is the intentional use of cognitive capabilities for some purpose. –Recall some kind of.
Introduction to Psychology Class 21: Social Psychology 1 Myers: , , Aug 3, 2001.
{ SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.
Social Beliefs: Lecture #3 topics
Chapter 5 Social Cognition. What is Social Cognition? The processes by which information about people is processed and stored Thinking about people Humans.
Social Psychology. The branch of psychology that studies how people think, feel, and behave in social situations.
Social Perception & Attributions
Q Topics of Leadership Pequannock Township High School.
Social Beliefs and Judgments Chapter Three. Explaining others Attribution Theory –Dispositional vs. situational attributions –Inferring traits –Commonsense.
What is Perception? Comes from the Latin word Percepio meaning receiving and collecting. How one takes possession of things and apprehends them within.
Social Cognition January 16, Definitions Social cognition – structures of knowledge, the processes of knowledge creation, dissemination, and affirmation,
Chapter 4: Perceiving Persons Part 2: Feb. 14, 2012.
WARM UP What is your understanding of ‘victim blaming’? How do you feel when this happens? Is it justified at times?
Perception and Attribution
Copyright © 2010 Allyn & Bacon This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public.
VOCABCHAPTER 10. CONCEPT A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
Social Perception The ways in which people perceive on another
3 C H A P T E R Individual Differences and Work Behavior
Chapter 5 - Social Cognition What is Social Cognition? Attributions: Why Did That Happen? Heuristics: Mental Shortcuts Errors and Biases Are People Really.
Chapter 4 Perceiving Persons.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 3 Social Cognition: How We Think about the Social World.
Social Cognition © 2014 Wadsworth Cengage Learning Chapter 5 Can you tell who was the silver medalist by only looking at their facial expressions?
Aronson Social Psychology, 5/e Copyright © 2005 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 3 Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World.
Thinking  Cognition  mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating  Cognitive Psychology  study of mental activities.
{ SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.
Chapter 7 Social Perception and Attribution An Information Processing An Information Processing Model of Perception Model of Perception Stereotypes: Perceptions.
Copyright 2016 © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images.
AP Psychology 8-10% of AP Exam
Social Cognition The study of how information about people is processed and stored. Our thoughts, perceptions, and beliefs about people are influenced.
Reasons for Unreason Exploring Social Psychology by David G. Myers 7 th Edition Reasons for Unreason Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights.
PERCEIVING PERSONS Chapter Four. Social Perception  The processes by which people come to understand one another.  Three sources:  Persons  Situations.
8 Chapter Foundations of Individual Behavior Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education.
Social Perception & Attributions Social psychologists study how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Myers’ Psychology for AP* David G. Myers *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of,
Social Psychology The study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another.
Chapter 6: Social Influence and Group Behavior
Chapter 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments
Do Now What are some things that influence your decisions?
Social Psychology Talbot
Theories of Social Cognition In Psychology:
Outline Exam 1 Review Exam 1 covers Ch 1, 2 , 3, and the syllabus
Ch 3: Social Beliefs & Judgments
Leadership & Management
Ch 3: Social Beliefs & Judgments
Do Now What are some things that influence your decisions?
Chapter 4: Social Cognition and Person Perception
Chapter 18 Social Thinking.
Social Psychology by David G. Myers 9th Edition
Presentation transcript:

Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies Social Psychology Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies

Perceiving Our Social Worlds Priming Activating particular associations in memory Example: Watching a scary movie at home may prime us to interpret furnace noises as a possible intruder Perceiving and interpreting events Kulechov effect Spontaneous trait transference

Perceiving Our Social Worlds Belief Perseverance Persistence of one’s initial conceptions, as when the basis for one’s belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives

Perceiving Our Social Worlds Constructing Memories of Ourselves and Our Worlds Misinformation effect Incorporating “misinformation” into one’s memory of the event after witnessing an event and receiving misleading information about it Reconstructing our past attitudes Reconstructing our past behavior

Judging Our Social World Intuitive Judgments Powers of intuition Controlled processing Reflective, deliberate, and conscious Automatic processing Impulsive, effortless, and without our awareness Schemas Emotional reactions

Judging Our Social World Overconfidence Phenomenon Tendency to be more confident than correct – to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs Incompetence feeds overconfidence Planning fallacy Stockbroker overconfidence Political overconfidence

Judging Our Social World Confirmation bias Tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions Helps explain why our self-images are so stable Self-verification

Judging Our Social World Remedies for Overconfidence Give prompt feedback to explain why statement is incorrect For planning fallacy, ask one to “unpack a task” – break it down into estimated time requirements for each part Get people to think of one good reason why their judgments might be wrong

Judging Our Social World Heuristics: Mental Shortcuts Representativeness heuristic Tendency to presume, sometimes despite contrary odds, that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling (representing) a typical member

Judging Our Social World Heuristics: Mental Shortcuts Availability Heuristic Cognitive rules that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory The more easily we recall something the more likely it seems

Fast and Frugal Heuristics Table 3.1

Judging Our Social World Counterfactual Thinking Imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but didn’t Underlies our feelings of luck

Judging Our Social World Illusory Thinking Our search for order in random events Illusory correlation Perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists

Judging Our Social World Illusory Thinking Illusion of control Perception of uncontrollable events as subject to one’s control or as more controllable than they are Gambling Regression toward the average Statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to return toward one’s average

Judging Our Social World Moods and Judgments Good and bad moods trigger memories of experiences associated with those moods Moods color our interpretations of current experiences Figure 3.3

Explaining Our Social World Attributing Causality: To the Person or the Situation Misattribution Mistakenly attributing a behavior to the wrong source Attribution theory Theory of how people explain others’ behavior Dispositional attribution Situational attribution

Explaining Our Social World Inferring Traits We often infer that other people’s actions are indicative of their intentions and dispositions Commonsense Attributions Consistency Distinctiveness Consensus

Harold Kelley’s Theory of Attributes Figure 3.4

Explaining Our Social World Fundamental Attribution Error Tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon others’ behavior Example: Assuming questioning hosts on game shows are more intelligent than the contestants

Explaining Our Social World Why Do We Make the Attribution Error? Perspective and situational awareness Actor-observer perspectives Camera perspective bias Perspectives change with time Self-awareness

Explaining Our Social World Why Do We Make the Attribution Error? Cultural Differences Dispositional attribution Situational attribution Figure 3.7

Expectations of Our Social World Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Belief that leads to its own fulfillment Experimenter bias Teacher expectations and student performance Figure 3.8

Expectations of Our Social World Getting from Others What We Expect Behavioral confirmation Type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people’s social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations