Chapter 43 Self-Concept

Self-Concept Self-concept is an individual’s perception of self and is what helps make each individual unique. Positive and negative self-assessments in the physical, emotional, intellectual, and functional dimensions change over time. Self-concept affects the ability to function and greatly influences health status. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Components of Self-Concept Identity Body image Self-esteem Role performance Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Interrelationship of Components of Self-Concept Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Components of Self-Concept A sense of personal identity is what sets one person apart as a unique individual. Identity includes a person’s name, gender, ethnic identity, family status, occupation, and roles. One’s personal identity begins to develop during childhood and is constantly reinforced and modified throughout life. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Components of Self-Concept Body image is an attitude about one’s physical attributes and characteristics, appearance, and performance. Body image is dynamic because any change in body structure or function, including the normal changes of growth and development, can affect it. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Components of Self-Concept Self-Ideal is the perception of behavior based on personal standards and self-expectations. Self-ideal serves as an internal regulator to support self-respect and self-esteem. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Components of Self-Concept Self-esteem is the judgment of personal performance compared with the self-ideal. Self-esteem is derived from a sense of giving and receiving love, and being respected by others. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Components of Self-Concept Role refers to a set of expected behaviors determined by familial, cultural, and social norms. The level of self-esteem is dependent upon the self-perception of adequate role performance in these various social roles. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Components of Self-Concept Stressors Affecting Role Performance Role overload Role conflict Whenever a person is unable to fulfill role responsibilities, self-concept is impaired. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Development of Self-Concept Self-concept evolves throughout life and depends to an extent on an individual’s developmental level. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Development of Self-Concept Childhood A child’s sense of self is shaped by interactions with parents and siblings, through shared experiences with extended family members, and relationships with others. Their sense of self changes as they move through each developmental stage. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Development of Self-Concept Adolescence The numerous changes in physical, emotional, and psychosocial status during the adolescent years bring about rapid and often continuous changes in self-concept. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Development of Self-Concept Adulthood The adult’s perception of self continues to develop and change as an individual progresses through the adult years. Periods of relative stability may be interspersed with realizations of physical changes, as well as changes in roles and responsibilities. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Factors Affecting Self-Concept Altered Health Status Developmental Transitions Experience Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Assessment Consider both the client’s developmental level and chronological age when assessing self-concept. Determine the client’s perception of self-concept and the factors affecting it. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Assessment Assess the client’s strengths to be used as a foundation on which to build therapeutic interventions. Maintain appropriate relationships Care for self in order to meet basic needs Adapt to stressors in a positive manner Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Nursing Diagnoses Disturbed Body Image Parental Role Conflict Disturbed Personal Identity Ineffective Role Performance Chronic Low Self-Esteem Situational Low Self-Esteem Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Nursing Diagnoses Disturbed Personal Identity Anxiety Social Isolation Hopelessness Powerlessness Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Outcome Identification and Planning Outcome statements reflect specific behavior that is measurable and that has an appropriate time frame for evaluation. The nurse and client develop mutually established objectives. This encourages the client to assume an active role in recovery. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Implementation Initiate Therapeutic Interaction Support Healthy Defense Mechanisms Ensure Satisfaction of Needs Physical needs Psychosocial needs Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Implementation Promote positive self-esteem across the life span Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Evaluation A client’s behavior and attitudes will reflect the degree of progress toward restoring an altered self-concept. The nurse must reconsider the alignment of the client’s targeted self-concept with the plan of care to assess if the two are still congruent. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Evaluation Because self-concept is based on personal attitudes and feelings, it often requires months or even years to change. Copyright 2004 by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.