Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach 7/e James M. Henslin Chapter Two: Culture This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Language, Beliefs, Values, Norms, Behavior Passed from One Generation to the Next Material vs. Nonmaterial Cultures What is Culture? Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Culture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations What is Normal, Natural, or Usual? The Culture Within Us Culture as Lens Culture Shock Ethnocentrism Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Other Cultures Thailand Trinidad Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Understanding Cultures on Their Own Terms “Sick Cultures” Confronting Contrasting Views of Reality Practicing Cultural Relativism Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Gestures Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Gestures Language Components of Symbolic Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Allows Human Experience to be Cumulative Provides a Social or Shared Past Provides a Social or Shared Future Allows Shared Perspectives Allows Complex, Shared, Goal-Directed Behavior Language and Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Language and Perception: Sapir-Whorf Language Has Embedded Within It Ways of Looking at the World Sapir-Whorf Reverses Common Sense Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Values—What is Desirable in Life Norms—Expectations or Rules for Behavior Sanctions—Reaction to Following or Breaking Norms Positive Sanctions Negative Sanctions Values, Norms, and Sanctions Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Folkways—Norms not Strictly Enforced Mores—Core Values: We Insist on Conformity Folkways and Mores Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Subculture—A World Within the Dominant Culture Countercultures—Groups With Norms and Values at Odds With the Dominant Culture Subcultures and Countercultures Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Values in U.S. Society Achievement and Success Progress Equality Individualism Material Comfort Racism and Group Superiority Activity and Work Humanitarianism Education Efficiency and Practicality Freedom Religiosity Science and Technology Democracy Romantic Love Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Values in U.S. Society Achievement and Success Individualism Activity and Work Efficiency and Practicality Science and Technology Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Values in U.S. Society Progress Material Comfort Humanitarianism Freedom Democracy Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Values in U.S. Society Equality Racism and Group Superiority Education Religiosity Romantic Love Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Value Contradictions and Social Change “It is precisely at the point of value contradictions, then, that one can see a major force for social change in a society.” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Leisure Self-fulfillment Physical Fitness Youthfulness Concern for the Environment Emerging Values Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Culture Wars: When Values Clash Value as Blinders “Ideal” vs. “Real” Culture Values and Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Some Activities are Universal—Courtship, Marriage, Funerals, Games, etc. Specific Customs Associated with Activities Differ Between Groups Cultural Universals Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 Controversial View of Human Behavior Biology Cause of Human Behavior Charles Darwin and Natural Selection Sociologists and Social Biologists on Opposite Sides Sociobiology Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005 The New Technology—New Tools Cultural Lag and Cultural Change Technology and Cultural Leveling Technology in the Global Village Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005