Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach 7/e James M. Henslin Chapter Two: Culture James M. Henslin Chapter Two: Culture This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Language, Beliefs, Values, Norms, Behavior Passed from One Generation to the Next Material vs. Nonmaterial Cultures What is Culture?
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon What is Normal, Natural, or Usual? The Culture Within Us Culture as Lens Culture Shock Ethnocentrism Culture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Understanding Cultures on Their Own Terms “Sick Cultures” Confronting Contrasting Views of Reality Practicing Cultural Relativism
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Gestures Language Components of Symbolic Culture
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Allows Human Experience to be Cumulative Provides a Social or Shared Past Provides a Social or Shared Future Allows Shared Perspectives Allows Complex, Shared, Goal-Directed Behavior Language and Culture
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Language Has Embedded Within It Ways of Looking at the World Sapir-Whorf Reverses Common Sense Language and Perception: Sapir-Whorf
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Values—What is Desirable in Life Norms—Expectations or Rules for Behavior Sanctions—Reaction to Following or Breaking Norms Positive Sanctions Negative Sanctions Values, Norms, and Sanctions
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Folkways—Norms not Strictly Enforced Mores—Core Values: We Insist on Conformity Folkways and Mores
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Subculture—A World Within the Dominant Culture Countercultures—Groups With Norms and Values at Odds With the Dominant Culture Subcultures and Countercultures
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Values in U.S. Society Achievement and Success ProgressEquality Individualism Material Comfort Racism and Group Superiority Activity and Work HumanitarianismEducation Efficiency and Practicality FreedomReligiosity Science and Technology Democracy Romantic Love
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Achievement and Success Individualism Activity and Work Efficiency and Practicality Science and Technology Values in U.S. Society
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Progress Material Comfort Humanitarianism Freedom Democracy Values in U.S. Society
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Equality Racism and Group Superiority Education Religiosity Romantic Love Values in U.S. Society
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Value Contradictions and Social Change “It is precisely at the point of value contradictions, then, that one can see a major force for social change in a society.”
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Leisure Self-fulfillment Physical Fitness Youthfulness Concern for the Environment Emerging Values
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Culture Wars: When Values Clash Value as Blinders “Ideal” vs. “Real” Culture Values and Culture
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Some Activities are Universal—Courtship, Marriage, Funerals, Games, etc. Specific Customs Associated with Activities Differ Between Groups Cultural Universals
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon Controversial View of Human Behavior Biology Cause of Human Behavior Charles Darwin and Natural Selection Sociologists and Social Biologists on Opposite Sides Sociobiology
Chapter 2: Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon The New Technology—New Tools Cultural Lag and Cultural Change Technology and Cultural Leveling Technology in the Global Village