Warm up 29 Write one paragraph (3-4 sentences) on how you would feel, being on a ship for months or years, exploring ??

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/101920023/Early-European-Exploration

Warm up #30 True or False 1. Britain was first European country to trade slaves to the new world 2. More slaves were imported to Central and South America 3. Slavery was only used in the Americas 4. Slaves first arrived to N. America in 1600 False--Portugal True—90% ended up in Central/South America False—Most civilizations had slavery at some point Myth: Most slaves were imported into what is now the United States Fact: Well over 90 percent of slaves from Africa were imported into the Caribbean and South America Myth: Slavery played a marginal role in the history of the Americas Fact: African slaves were the only remedy for the labor shortages that plagued Europe's New World dominions. Fact: Slave labor made it profitable to mine for precious metal and to harvest sugar, indigo, and tobacco; slaves taught whites how to raise such crops as rice and indigo. Myth: Europeans arrived in the New World in far larger numbers than did Africans. Fact: Before 1820, the number of Africans outstripped the combined total of European immigrants by a ratio of 3, 4, or 5 to 1. Myth: The first slaves arrived in what is now the U.S. in 1619 Fact: Slaves arrived in Spanish Florida at least a century before 1619 and a recently uncovered census shows that blacks were present in Virginia before 1619. False—Arrived in 1500s in Florida and Virginia

Spice Islands Trading before Renaissance Era Muslims and Italian Merchants Silk Road Marco Polo The most valued traded items were spices Moluccas-Spice Islands (Indonesia) Preserve Food Season Food Medicine Perfumes Europeans outside of Italy wanted direct access to be more profitable in trade

Portugal Portugal starts sailing Prince Henry (Henry the Navigator) First discovered Madeira, Azores islands North Africa Mapped African coast Wanted to find an easier way around Africa to get to Asia Gathered cartographers- mapmakers and scientists Redesigned ships, created maps and trained captains for long voyages 1460 Prince Henry dies 1488 Bartholomeu Dias rounds Africa tip called Cape of Good Hope http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/caravela/pictures/land-col-3-mastedcaravels6.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Bartolomeu_Dias_Voyage.PNG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/geography/geography/discoveries/graphics/henry2.gif

da Gama Portugal continues Vasco da Gama 1497 voyage to India—4 ships 10 month trip to Calicut, India Lost half of ships on way home, many sailors died of hunger, thirst and scurvy—lack of vitamin C Still highly profitable Rebuilt a fleet of ships and in 1502 de Gama forced Calicut’s ruler to sign trade treaty Soon Portugal seized key ports around Indian Ocean and created a trading empire http://img.wikinut.com/img/3dp3.ai3ty0adjde/jpeg/724x5000/Scurvy.jpeg http://www.deliabw.edu.hk/broadway/Eng/S3A%20English%20Project/Group%208/Vasco%20da%20gama%60s%20route%20frm%20europe%202%20india.gif http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/G/Vasco-da-Gama-9305736-1-402.jpg

Columbus Christopher Columbus From Genoa, Italy Wanted to reach East Indies (Indonesia) by sailing west (across Atlantic) Columbus knew the Earth was a sphere But didn’t know how big Earth was and large continents were in his way Portugal refused to sponsor him Spain’s Ferdinand and Isabella did sponsor him as they were looking for wealth and prestige August 3, 1492 set sail with 3 ships After many weeks, provisions were low October 12, 1492 sees land and believes he reaches the East Indies Calls the people “Indians” Receives heroes welcome upon return Made 3 more voyages to “East Asia” Soon other Europeans realize he found new continents Columbus http://www.interestingtopics.net/christopher-columbus-id-262

Columbus http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/56/89956-004-9851B885.gif http://www.ilibrarian.net/history/christopher_columbus_voyages.gif

New Continents 2 New Continents..Who owns them??? 1493 Ferdinand and Isabella appeal to the Pope to support their claim to the new world 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas Between Spain and Portugal Line of Demarcation Divided non-European land into 2 zones Anything to the East belong to Portugal Anything to the West belong to Spain Other European countries…not happy and see it as arrogance and start to build their empires http://domin.dom.edu/faculty/dperry/hist270silk/calendar/finalclass/images/Tordesillas%20Map.jpg

Routes to Asia Naming the new world?? Amerigo Vespucci wrote a journal about his voyage to Brazil. A cartographer used his first name to name the map “Americas” Still looking for a direct route to Asia English , French and Dutch looked for the Northwest Passage (Through Arctic Islands) 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Spain) hacked through Panama’s forest to see the Pacific Ferdinand Magellan (Portugal) 5 ships set sail Sept 20, 1519 from Spain Nov 1520 fought thru Strait of Magellan into the Pacific (Peaceful) Ocean Decided to sail to East Indies…didn’t know how big Pacific was March 1521 finally reached Philippines Magellan is killed Sept 1522, one ship and 18 sailors finally make it back to Spain and were first to Circumnavigate-sail around http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/V/Amerigo-Vespucci-9517978-1-402.jpg http://www.heritage-history.com/books/baldwin/thirty/zpage014.gif http://www.antarcticguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Ferdinand-Magellan.jpg

Routes to Asia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan

Africa Africa Exploration Portuguese Established forts along coast Did not explore interior Lacked accurate maps Little resources Dutch Cape Town, South Africa Boers- Dutch farmers who settled in South Africa Calvinists Believed they were superior to Africans Both British and French also established forts in Africa during this time period http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/CapeHopeDetail.png

Slave Trade Slave Trade in Africa Rapidly increased 1500-1600s Portuguese one of first to start trading slaves Many slaves sent to America to work on plantations- large estates run by an owner African warlords took captives to coastal cities where they were traded for goods such as textiles, metals, rum tobacco, weapons and gunpowder Lasted for 300 years http://abagond.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/african-slave-trade-11.jpg http://www.slaverysite.com/Body/maps.htm

Warm Up 31 List 2 positive and 2 negative impacts of European Exploration

South/SE Asia South and Southeast Asia Northern India under Mughal rule Southern India (Patchwork of Princes) Afonso de Albuquerque (Portugal) Promised Indian Princes aid against other Europeans Established military and commercial post on Goa Also defeated Muslims for control of Port of Malacca, 1511 Created outposts-distant areas under their control to control the Asia-Europe Spice Trade http://www.airtickets24x7.com/images/Cruises/star-penang-phuket-malacca-port-klang-cruise-map.jpg http://www.enchantedlearning.com/dgifs/Dealbuquerque.GIF http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Alfonso_de_Albuquerque_AGE_V06_1800.jpg

Dutch East India Company Dutch challenges Portuguese 1599 First cargo of spices comes to Amsterdam Trading ships and warships building explodes Set up colonies around the world including Cape Town Dutch East India Company Established 1602 Completely sovereign- independent from Dutch government Build armies, wage war, negotiate treaties 1641 Captured Malacca from Portuguese and control the Spice Island trade http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/img/VOC_Trade_Network.png

Spain/Mughal Spain Magellan claimed the Philippines for Spain in 1521 Named after King Philip II Catholic missionaries Had silver from Mexico and Peru shipped to Philippines to buy goods in China Mughal India At beginning of exploration, Mughal dominated the spice trade Permitted British, French, Dutch and Portuguese trading rights, building forts and warehouses Mughal Empire weakens and falls apart French and British fight for power Both used sepoys- Indian troops, to fight for power Mid 1700s British wins control of India http://infoskind.blogspot.com/

China China Ming Dynasty limits European traders in China Portuguese allowed trading post in Macao Missionaries in China had little success Qing Dynasty follows Ming Dynasty and follow the same closed-door policy Korea Known as the “Hermit Kingdom” Closed-door policy Fearful of invasions/wars http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-g8cM95BD4Ac/TVS13zDILeI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/MV7mIfTvOcg/s1600/64938-004-8575C4AF.gif

Japan Japan Welcomed Europeans in 1534 Printing Press and Firearms Catholicism (missions) introduced 300,000 Christians at one time Japanese leaders fearful that Christians swore more loyal to the Pope versus Emperor So, Tokugawas expelled missionaries in Japan and persecuted/killed Japanese Christians 1638 Tokugawas banned European traders from coming to Japan Also banned Japanese ship building to be more isolated Isolated for 200 years http://www.lavermansinjapan.org/media/images/galleries/history/history04.jpg

Warm up #32 Match up the Explorers Dias A. First to circumnavigate the world Da Gama B. First to see the Pacific Columbus C. First to arrive in the New World (Caribbean) Magellan D. Portuguese who mapped Africa coastline Balboa E. First to Cape of Good Hope (Africa tip) Prince Henry F. Portuguese who first sailed to Calicut, India and brought back spices to Portugal