Historical Terms & Definitions

Historical Terms and Definitions Students will gain an understanding of the meaning of important historical terms. Students will learn the definitions of words that are key to understanding United States history. Students will comprehend how interpreting maps helps to clarify the meaning of many historical terms and concepts.

A 19th century American belief that it was the destiny of the United 1. Manifest Destiny http://www.historyonthenet.com/American_West/manifest_destiny.htm A 19th century American belief that it was the destiny of the United States to expand its territory over the entire North American continent

where twelve mounds can be found on the 150 acre protected site Photo by Glenda Sullivan 2. Spiro Mounds A prehistoric Native American archaeological site in Southeastern Oklahoma where twelve mounds can be found on the 150 acre protected site

3. Louisiana Purchase http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/United_States_Louisiana_Purchase_states.png A land deal in 1803 between the United States & France in which the United States acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15,000,000

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_BZFYe98kpkk/S-vDQaJACUI/AAAAAAAAC4k/WNZ1txQdZ-U/s400/Destruction+of+the+Snake+South+Carolina.jpg 4. Nullification Crisis A situation that arose in 1832 during the presidency of Andrew Jackson when leaders of South Carolina, led by John C. Calhoun, advanced the idea that a state did not have to follow a federal law and could “nullify” the law

Underground Railroad 5. A network of people who helped the http://historyscoop.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/map16.gif Underground Railroad http://www.tntwebs.com/escapeslavery.jpg A network of people who helped the escaped slaves on their way to freedom in the northern states or Canada

Abolitionist Movement 6. Abolitionist Movement A movement whose goal was the immediate emancipation of all slaves and the end of racial discrimination and segregation http://www.history.com/images/media/slideshow/slavery-the-battle-over-slavery/united-states-1854.jpg http://www.alomani.com/knowledge/history/us/images/Abolitionists.jpg http://tdl.org/txlor-dspace/bitstream/handle/2249.3/617/images/image20.jpg

Sectionalism 7. The belief that one section or region of a http://www.soldierstudies.org/images/webquest/civil%20war%20soldiers.jpg http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/314/flashcards/1391314/jpg/sectionalism1355492663453.jpg The belief that one section or region of a country is better than any other section of region of that country Example: North vs. South led to Civil War

8. Missouri Compromise http://jackiewhiting.net/AP/Images/Missouri_Compromise_map.jpg An 1820 congressional agreement that regulated the extension of slavery in the United States--The territory of Missouri was admitted as a slave state. The territory of Maine was admitted as a free state. The boundaries of slavery were limited to the same latitude as the southern boundary of Missouri, 36º30´ N.

Ku Klux Klan 9. http://media.photobucket.com/user/kacup/media/0050_ku_klux_klan_03.jpg.html A secret society organized in the South after the Civil War advocating maintenance of white supremacy by violent methods

Jim Crow laws 10. State and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965 that mandated racial segregation in many public and private facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy http://www.mrnussbaum.com/civil_war/jim_crow2.jpg Jim Crow laws https://woodward8.wikispaces.com/file/view/restrooms.jpg/39680354/restrooms.jpg http://envisioningtheamericandream.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/racist-sign-31-swscan10607.jpg

11. Chinese Exclusion Act http://cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/d7348b276f38bc340409f1705c35c412_1M.png A federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur in 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers

Nativism 12. http://www.zcommunications.org/nativism-is-big-business-by-meghan-conley.html The policy of protecting the interests of native born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants

13. http://historoda.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/2121487586_f3af3a15ae.jpg Industrialization The process by which a country transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services

14. http://www.cartoonwork.com/unions_g54-employee_free_choice_act_p317.html Labor Movement http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Wjilb5KunI0/UhwNIt6pjNI/AAAAAAAACE8/uL7tdRXs4GU/s1600/labor+day2.jpg A movement from 1865-1919 in the United States to protect the common interests of workers and to get them better wages, reasonable hours, and safer working conditions--The movement was initiated by strikes that began because of wage cuts, new inventions of machinery, and the depersonalization of workers.

Progressive Movement 15. The demand for change or progress in an http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/112824118.png The demand for change or progress in an effort to cure many of the ills of the American society that had developed during the great spurt of industrial growth in the last quarter of the 19th Century

16. Muckrakers http://cache2.artprintimages.com/p/LRG/30/3032/KYVBF00Z/art-print/cartoon-of-president-theodore-roosevelt-as-a-muckraker-cleaning-up-the-meat-scandal.jpg A term coined during the Progressive Era based on a literary character who was so busy cleaning and raking up the muck and dirt that he didn’t see the good things that were above his head

Suffrage 17. The right to vote in political elections http://bsumaps.blogspot.com/2010_08_01_archive.html http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~cwalton/USHistory/suffrageparade.jpg Suffrage The right to vote in political elections Key on Women’s Suffrage Map—Green = No voting by women, Gold = Women voting in presidential elections, Red = Women voting in primaries, Purple = Complete voting rights for women http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-488-488-90/61/6184/ZT81100Z/posters/women-s-suffrage-1920.jpg http://americanwiki.pbworks.com/w/page/12595194/Black%20Suffrage

Temperance Movement 18. A movement led mostly by women in the 19th & early 20th centuries to encourage moderation in the consumption of alcoholic beverages or to prohibit the use of alcohol completely http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/temperance-movement-1890-granger.jpg http://www.tenontours.com/assets/Irish-Temperance-Movement.jpg

Democracy 19. A form of government in which people choose leaders by voting http://greece.mrdonn.org/athensdemocracy.html http://cathysvoicenow.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/printelect-i-voted-today.jpg http://www.themomoftheyear.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/MP9003848741.jpg

A social organization in which all economic & social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single political party 20. Communism Photo by Glenda Sullivan

Historical Geography http://c3e308.medialib.glogster.com/media/57/57a08fbf9147da3dd3caed5de51d376d7ad64838fca19058f49e771cd7201bc6/westward.jpg In summary, as we study historical geography, keep in mind the correlation between the two disciplines. For example, the historical term westward expansion is an example of one of the five themes of geography: Movement of goods, people and ideas from place to place.