Climate Change & Adaptation in Indian Cities Bedoshruti Sadhukhan ICLEI South Asia 17 September 2014

ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability, is a membership organization of local governments and their associations. Mission of building and supporting a worldwide movement of local governments to achieve tangible improvements in global sustainability with special focus on environmental conditions through cumulative local actions. Leading network of 1200 cities in 84 countries. Local Action Moves the World

Why Cities?

Why cities? <3% land area >50% population 75% resources

15 Local Authorities 3 Local news provider 30 Housing Associations 1 Million private households 10 transport services providers 100 Construction companies car/motorbikes owners 200 Engineering/planning firm 3 Power plants A city is not an homogeneous entity Who takes decisions within a city? Source | Based on ICLEI – GIZ Internal advanced training on cities and climate change High stress on infrastructure High resource consumption Centres of economic activity Main emitters of GHGs 31% of Indian population Cities and Climate Change

Why Cities & CCA? Urbanization contributing to drivers of climate change – – land use change, – demand for energy – demand for resources Opportunity for awareness generation and action on CCA – most people – Most power – Significant climate risks

Cities & Climate Change: Impacts CC Ecosystems Economic systems Social systems Competition for land, water, food Migration Cost increase Resource loss Biodiversity Water Source: Wikipedia

Development and Climate Change Climate friendly development helps to increase adaptive capacities and to reduce vulnerabilities Developmen t Climate Change Adaptation Climate Impacts & Vulnerability Adaptation ensures sustainability of development Adaptation helps to secure investments Development for the well being, growth and security of citizens Climate Adaptation supports Sustainable Development!

Need for CCA in cities Unavoidable environmental impacts even in the absence of any further GHG emissions Ensure the functionality of urban systems in changing climate and the related impacts Improved disaster risk management Ensure sustainability of development Safeguard current and future well-being of all social groups as well as investments in infrastructure

Multiple Benefits: Overlaps between CCA & CCM Type of activity: Reactive & Proactive Implementation: local Responsibility: local Geographical benefit: local Temporal benefit: immediate, short- medium term Type of activity: Proactive Implementation: Local & global Responsibility: global Geographical benefit: global Temporal benefit: deferred, long-term Green cover Cooling effect Carbon sink Building codes Climate proofing Reduced energy Sanitation No water-logging Reduced emissions CCACCM Overlaps (Co-benefits) Need to identify co-benefits of climate protection actions

How can Cities engage in CCA?

Looking Back to Move Forward Adaptation processes are not new BUT need to shift from Reactive to Proactive Adaptation Proactive Adaptation Taking action in preparation of climate change impacts, e.g. climate proof infrastructure and services Reactive Adaptation Taking action when climate change effects have been experienced, e.g. evacuation camps How? To start with, look back: Past events and how the city dealt with them Policies, Plans, Programs and Practices can also support and promote climate adaptation – opportunity!

Looking at Current Policies & Practices Six critical and key areas for a city to manage its approach to climate change: Strategies, Policies, Plans and Procedures Information, Data, Tools and Processes Staff Participation Budget Allocation and Financing Processes Existing Initiatives Community Engagement

Inform & enable Incentivize Plan, regulate & control Provide & contract Role of Local Governments Local governments … Manage urban growth Plan land use Provide infrastructure and services for a growing number of people Facilitate economic growth and prosperity Secure livelihoods and social stability Protect the environment

Stakeholder Identification Source: GIZ

Benefits of Stakeholder Engagement Builds ownership among stakeholders Builds understanding of divergent interests of stakeholders Helps develop a common understanding Relevant local information sources identified, compiled and made accessible Concerns of vulnerable groups incorporated

Climate Resilience Strategy Development

Urban Systems and Climate Change 1. How does city work 2. What are the direct and indirect impacts of climate change 3. Who is least able to respond to shocks and stresses Indirect impact Direct impact Urban poverty reduction Urban climate change risk Disaster risk reduction Source: ARUP

ICLEI ACCCRN Process

ICLEI PROJECTS WITH CITIES

ACCCRN ICLEI ACCCRN Process developed by ICLEI’s South Asia and Oceania offices with support from the Rockefeller Foundation under their Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network programme (see: Consists of a tested Guide and Toolkit to help cities develop local climate change resilience strategies Draws on past ACCCRN experience A streamlined and replicable process that cities can implement without the need for much external support

Benefits of ACCCRN Awareness generation about potential risks and city’s vulnerability Better management of climate change impacts Knowledge exchange with other cities and technical partners Development of Climate Resilience strategy Integrating the resilience strategy into urban planning 12 months!!

Urban LEDS Promoting Urban Low Emission Development Strategies in Emerging Economy Countries (Urban LEDS) India, Indonesia, Brazil and South Africa A pathway to transition a city to a low-emission, green and inclusive urban economy, through its integration into city development plans and processes. ICLEI’s GreenClimateCities methodology is used in Urban LEDS – Encouraging an integrated approach: Focus on ways to integrate local energy development criteria into the local government (LG) approach towards overall sustainable development strategy – Using simplified methodology: Three phases – Analyze / Act / Accelerate - each unfolding into three steps - All LAs are encouraged to set ambitious yet realistic targets and act. – Towards MRV Local Action: Measure, Report and Verify greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation actions, and connecting to global reporting and advocacy processes

SUHAP in Nashik Engagement Action Planning Ground Truthing Exercise Vulnerability Assessment of areas and populations Urban Systems Analysis and Risk Assessment Baseline Data Collection and Analysis Introductory and Orientation Meeting Formation of Core Team Formation of Stakeholder Group Socio-economic data collection  Population  Slum population  Sex ratio  Literacy  Employment and occupation Urban Systems data collection  Water Supply  Sewerage  Storm Water Drainage  Solid Waste Management  Land Use and urban planning Energy and emissions data collection  Municipal level  Community level Shared Learning Dialogue Climate projections and impacts analysis Urban Systems Analysis Risk Assessment Urban Actors Analysis Adaptive Capacity of Urban Systems and Urban Actors Vulnerability Assessment Emissions Inventory – presentation and verification Data gaps analysis Identification of vulnerability hotspots Validate and further elaborate potential impacts listed against corresponding vulnerable urban sectors, and to prioritize them according to perceived risk / severity Validate and elaborate on vulnerable social groups as per the actors analysis Discuss the observed energy consumption patterns at the ward level Local recommendations for identified issues Identifying critical urban problems in vulnerable areas Identifying possible solutions and developing strategies Prioritisation of strategies and categorisation into short/medium/long term Exploring possible funding sources for implementation

Thanks! southasia.iclei.org