Chapter 2 Ecosystems: Everything is Connected

 The global sum of all ecosystems ◦ Interacts with and exchanges matter and energy with the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere

 The variability among all living things ◦ Includes variability within species, between species, and the variability of ecosystems

 Explain how abiotic and biotic factors interact to create the various biomes.

 A large geographic area of distinctive plants and animals that are adapted to the climate of that area  Biomes contain many ecosystems

 all the living organisms and non-living things that interact in a area

Koppen Climate Classification Types of Biomes

Biotic FactorsAbiotic Factors  living parts of an ecosystem ◦ type of plants, type of animals, microorganisms  nonliving parts of an ecosystem ◦ temperature, rainfall, altitude, mineral nutrients (N, P, S) in soil, altitude, latitude

 Organism: 1 individual living thing  Species: group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring  Population: group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place Levels of Organization in the Biosphere

 Community: group of interconnecting populations of different species  Ecosystem: all the living organisms and non- living things that interact together in a area  Biosphere: all the living organisms on Earth

 North Carolina is located within the temperate deciduous forest global biome, however, a great variety of forest and non- forest ecosystems may be found within the state. temperate deciduous forest global biome

 Use the Environmental Science book to complete the Levels of Organization in the Biosphere, Fig 2-4  Type of Biomes Chart: start work on the chart. Learn about NC Ecosystems ◦ Temperate deciduous forest ◦ Ocean ◦ Wetlands ◦ Rivers ◦ Estuaries

 Arrange the Organization of Biotic Factors from smallest to largest.  How many major terrestrial biomes are there?  How are biomes distributed around the globe?  Discribe the NC biomes?

 Symbiosis – close and often long-term interactions between 2 or more different organisms ◦ Mutualism interaction between 2 organisms in which each one benefits ◦ Commensalism one organism benefits while the other is unaffected ◦ Parasitism one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of the host

Relationship Type Species ASpecies B Mutualism ++ Commensalism +0 Parasitism +-

Acacia trees covered with ants FIG 2-10 pg 42  Describe how this is mutualism ◦ Interaction b/w remoras and sharks FIG 2-11 page 42  Describe how this is commensalism ◦ Describe an example of parasitism between 2 species

 Natural Selection: Unequal survival & reproduction that results from the presence or absence of particular genetic traits  Read Figure 2-13, page 44 ◦ Write in your notes the 5 major points of Darwin’s Theory

 Adaptation: Inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival/reproduction in a certain environment ◦ Read FIG 2-14, mountain deer  Co-evolution When 2 or more species evolve in response to each other