Strands Standard 1: Core Concepts – 2.1 Describe the short-term and long-term health consequences of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use. – 2.1 Describe the scope of alcohol and other drug use among adolescents. Standard 4: Influences – Describe financial, political, social and legal influences regarding tobacco and alcohol use. – Analyze internal and external pressures to use tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.

“Americans live in a DRUG ORIENTED SOCIETY” Why do people take OTC drugs? Physical & emotional problems

Statistics About14.8 million Americans age 12 years or older misused prescription drugs in the last year, according to a recent report on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Michigan has not been an exception to these national trends. According to the same survey, nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers was 13.6 percent higher in Michigan (5.57 percent) than the rest of the country (4.9 percent) and 21.4

GO TO WORKBOOK 1. Pharmaceutical companies in the U.S. spend about 25 billion dollars annually on advertising. 2. The alcohol industry spends approximately 18 – 20 billion dollars yearly on advertising. 3. A DRUG is any substance that causes physical/emotional change in a person. 4. An OVER-THE-COUNTER drug can be legally bought without a doctor’s prescription.

5. A PRESCRIPTION drug require a doctor’s prescription to buy. 6. An ILLEGAL drug is one that cannot be legally sold/purchased or used. 7. Taking drugs properly and in their correct amounts is called drug USE. 8. Improper use of a drug is referred to as drug MISUSE.

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9.List the two definitions of drug abuse: A. Taking illegal drugs B. Taking a drug for a non-medical reason C. Intentional improper use of a drug

10.A PSYCHOACTIVE effect is an effect the drug has on a person’s mood/behavior. 11.ADDICTION occurs when the person has developed a physical need for the drug and suffers withdrawal symptoms if unable to take the drug.

10.List 4 factors that determine the appropriate dosage for each different individual: A) AGE B) HEIGHT C) WEIGHT D. GENDER 11.The way a drug is ADMINISTERED, or taken, has a very important impact on its effect.

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14. INJECTED drugs go directly into the bloodstream. 15. When a drug is taken orally it is often absorbed into the bloodstream through the STOMACH lining. 16. A drug INTERACTION occurs when a second drug is also introduced into the body.

We live in a drug-oriented society. Explain: commercials on TV make it clear – have a headache take a pain reliever, have an upset stomach – take something, feel tired – have some coffee, want to relax have a beer. We are so dependent on drugs to solve all of our problems.

18. Analgesic - a medicine that relieves pain. Three types: aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen. 19. Sedatives – a drug that slows down body functioning. Sleeping pills, tranquilizers, etc. 20. Stimulant – drug that speeds up body functioning. Caffeine, NODOS, appetite suppressants.

 Complete page 15 in your workbook  1. Who will experience the greatest effect?  Answer – injection  2. Who will experience the quickest effect?  Answer – inhalation  3. Who will experience the least effect?  Answer – ingestion  4. Who will experience the slowest effect?  Answer – ingestion  5. How does the nicotine patch work?  Answer – absorption.

 Hallucinogens – affect a person’s perception and sensation, thinking and self-awareness (LSD (mushrooms, ecstasy)  Narcotics – induce sleep and relieve pain (Opium (Methadone)  Stimulant – stimulate the CNS and produce an increase in alertness and activity. (Heroin, Amphetamines, Cocaine, Ecstasy, Opium, weed)  Depressants – depress the CNS and induce sleep or calm the nerves (alcohol, weed, barbs)  OTC – over the counter drugs at drug stores  Prescription Drugs – need a doctor to prescribe.

Average Day In Michigan

Over-The-Counter & Prescription Drugs: check your answers 1.In 2003 the National Survey on Drug Use and Health reported 6.3 million Americans aged 12 and older have used prescription medications for nonmedical purposes. 4.7 million used pain relievers – Vicodin - various answers. 1.8 million used tranquilizers – Ketimine - various answers. 1.2 million used stimulants – caffeine – various answers..3 million used sedatives – valium – various answers. 2.In 1990, the number of prescription drug abusers was approximately? 573,000

3. In 2000, the number of prescription drug abusers drastically increased to? 2.5 million. 4. Give at least 2 reasons for the increase. Easily prescribed, abusing, various answers. 5. What is the difference between males and females? Similar rates except for year olds which is more females. 6. Name the three classes of commonly abused prescription drugs: 1. opioids, 2. stimulants, 3. CNS depressant

7. Opioids are commonly prescribed to relieve pain, list most common. 1. oxycontin, 2. vicodin, 3. Demerol, 4. codeine, 5. fentonyl, 6. methadone. 8. Chronic and long-term use of opioids can lead to what? 1. tolerance, 2. physical dependence, 3. addiction, 4. withdrawal 9. What exactly do opioids do in the body, short term effects? They attach to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord blocking the perception of pain.

10. CNS Depressants are commonly prescribed to treat anxiety and sleeping disorders, list the most common examples of these: Barbiturates: mebaral, nembutal. Benzodiazepines: valium, xanax, librium. 11. Chronic and long-term use of CNS Depressants can lead to what? 1. tolerance, 2. withdrawal, 3. physical addiction/dependence.

12. What exactly do CNS Depressants do and short-term effects? They slow brain activity through actions on the GABA system producing a calming effect. 13. Stimulants are commonly prescribed for the treatment of narcolepsy, attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression and short-term treatment of obesity, name the most common examples of stimulants. 1. dexedrine, 2. adderall, 3. ritalin, 4. concerta 14. Chronic and long-term use of stimulants can lead to what? 1. physical dependence, 2. addiction.

15. What exactly do stimulants do in the body, and short-term effects? They enhance brain activity causing an increase in alertness attention, and energy. 16. Why are over-the-counter drugs being more abused by high school students? Various answers. 17. Do you think there are high levels of abuse of over-the-counter and prescription drugs in Livonia? Various answers

18. What is Dexaco (DXM), and what was it developed for? Cough and cold medications 19. Why are teens using DXM for now, and what are the risks for using it in high doses? Hallucinogens, but can lead to high blood pressure, vomiting, cardiac problems and brain damage. 20. Name the two other most commonly abused over-the-counter drugs talked about on page laxatives, 2. inhalants