Assessing Community Need and Establishing a Program Aug 25, 2015 Chapter 2 Assessing Community Need and Establishing a Program ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Aug 25, 2015 Chapter Objectives List the factors that influence the need for child care. Name the various types of child care used by families. Identify information that will help you determine the types of child services needed now and in the future. ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Aug 25, 2015 Chapter Objectives Use your knowledge of data collection methods and resources for assessing the need for child care in your area. Compare and contrast mission and values statements. Use core values to develop values statements. Describe characteristics of different types of centers.   Starting a center is a challenging and exhausting undertaking. During the early planning stages, a number of concurrent activities interact with one another. The group or individuals driving the formation of a center must assess the need for the program, while developing a program philosophy and determining the type of program that will meet not only their goals but also the needs of the community. It is essential to assess need to be sure that a child care center program will be used and supported by enough families who are looking for child care. At the same time, understanding the importance of having a program philosophy at the outset provides the basis for a quality program. Philosophies are based on the fundamental belief about how children learn and will vary as the founders come to some agreement on that fundamental question. Their answer to the question of how children learn will have an impact on what type of program they will offer. Types of programs also vary in sponsorship, sources of funding, ages of children served, as well as length of day and year-round versus concurrent with the school year. Those interested in starting a child care program must recognize that a great deal of time and energy must be invested prior to the time when financial support will be available and before a program can begin to deliver service to children and families. ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Assessing the Need Needs Assessment includes… Aug 25, 2015 Assessing the Need Needs Assessment includes… number of families and children socioeconomic level of families ages of children to be served type of service families prefer ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Assessing the Need How Do You Find Out About Need? questionnaires Aug 25, 2015 Assessing the Need How Do You Find Out About Need? questionnaires use of telephone surveys small-group meetings ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Aug 25, 2015 Discussion Question What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of using a telephone survey for assessing the need of child care in your target community? ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Determining Program Philosophy Aug 25, 2015 Determining Program Philosophy The basis for choosing program philosophy is… assumptions about how children learn values of the program planners and families involved views of the planners regarding basic issues in education ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Philosophy: Based on How Children Learn Aug 25, 2015 Philosophy: Based on How Children Learn How children learn falls into three major categories environmental maturational interactional ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Philosophy: Based on How Children Learn Aug 25, 2015 Philosophy: Based on How Children Learn Environmental Assumes the environment and teachers have the most influence on children’s growth. Maturational Assumes there is an internal driving force that leads to child development. Interactional Assumes that learning results from the dynamic interaction between the cognitive and affective systems, and the environment. ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Philosophy: Content Versus Process Aug 25, 2015 Philosophy: Content Versus Process Content subscribers support notion that the goal of education is to provide children with content that enables them to succeed in school. Focus is on preparing for next step in schooling Achievement is evaluated by relating each child’s progress to norms or to grade level Goal of education is upper movement of the child to higher levels of intellectual competency ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Philosophy: Content Versus Process Aug 25, 2015 Philosophy: Content Versus Process Process subscribers support the notion that problem-solving skills are more important than content mastery. Autonomy, collaboration, and cooperation are valued Years in school are considered an integral part of life itself Major goal of education is for children to become autonomous problem solvers ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Philosophy: Content Versus Process Aug 25, 2015 Philosophy: Content Versus Process Process subscribers support the notion that problem-solving skills are more important than content mastery (continued). Schooling is not viewed as either preparation for later school or preparation for life Achievement is based on the ability to cope with the here and now ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Programs Not-for-Profit Individual Cooperative Aug 25, 2015 Types of Programs Not-for-Profit Individual Cooperative Agency-Sponsored Government-Sponsored Public School-Sponsored Campus Child Care ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Programs Privately Sponsored Not-for-Profit Aug 25, 2015 Types of Programs Privately Sponsored Not-for-Profit Profit-Making (Proprietary) Independent Owner Corporate Systems Employer-Sponsored Military Family Child Care Homes ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Individual Cooperative Programs Aug 25, 2015 Individual Cooperative Programs Cooperative programs are often called parent co-ops: Owned and operated by group Parents expected to help in classroom Usually has one or two paid staff members Costs are kept at a minimum Tuition is typically lower than in other centers Most are half-day programs ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Agency-Sponsored Programs Aug 25, 2015 Agency-Sponsored Programs Many not-for-profit early childhood education programs are sponsored by community agencies (i.e. church groups, service agencies, United Way) May be full or half-day enrichment programs Found in both rural and urban areas Can serve both low-income and middle-income families Sometimes receive partial support from sponsor but obtain remaining support from tuition, government funds, and/or grants ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Government-Sponsored Programs Aug 25, 2015 Government-Sponsored Programs Head Start is the best known federal government-sponsored program. Funding for HS may go to public school systems, universities, and public or private not-for-profit agencies HS programs may be center based or home based May provide full-time or half-time and usually serves 4 year olds Early Head Start serves infants/toddlers ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Public School-Sponsored Programs Aug 25, 2015 Public School-Sponsored Programs Mostly Pre-K programs and many in public schools Funded through local or state tax monies or other public funds Full or half-day programs staffed by people hired through public school Typically housed in public schools Practices tend to focus on academic success, school readiness, and standardized testing ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Campus Child Care Programs Aug 25, 2015 Campus Child Care Programs Lab schools and child care programs for children of students, faculty, and staff. Found on college campuses May be sponsored and subsidized by college/university or by government funds Provide facilities for research, observation, and teacher training May be full or half day Program hours are flexible to accommodate students’ course schedules ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Privately Sponsored NFP Programs Aug 25, 2015 Privately Sponsored NFP Programs Centers are sponsored by large industries, hospitals, and apartment complexes. Offer services for the children of their employees and residents Centers are set up for comfort and convenience of employees and residents Hours are flexible Fees may be on a sliding scale May be a part of the employee benefit package May have Dependent Care Assistance Program ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Aug 25, 2015 Independent Owner Program that is owned and operated by an individual or small group. Tuition is usually the only source of income Owners frequently have budgeting and financial problems and could receive money from other sources including state funding ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Aug 25, 2015 Independent Owner Program that is owned and operated by an individual or small group (continued) Operation rarely makes a profit because of the high cost of operating a quality program Owning multiple centers can result in quantity buying and shared services that reduced cost per child and increases possibility of making a profit over and above operating expenses ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Aug 25, 2015 Corporate Systems Large child care chains that are operated by a parent company that develops a prototype and sets up a number of centers throughout the state/region or across the nation. Some companies have gone public Operate under central administration that furnishes financial background ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Aug 25, 2015 Corporate Systems Large child care chains that are operated by a parent company that develops a prototype and sets up a number of centers throughout the state/region or across the nation (continued) Center is publicized by identifiable slogans, logos, brochures, and advertisements Franchising may fall under this category Knowledge Learning is an example of a corporate system ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Employer-Sponsored Programs Aug 25, 2015 Employer-Sponsored Programs The child care center is supported by an employer Some are operated by large management organizations May offer subsidized tuition and/or reduced fees May be able to give employees better wages because of reduced operating costs paid by employer ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Aug 25, 2015 Military Programs Department of Defense (DOD) operates child care programs at military installations across the country. Each branch of military operates its own child care services but must follow mandates in Military Child Care Act of 1989 May contract with off-installation centers to guarantee spaces for DOD children ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Aug 25, 2015 Military Programs Department of Defense (DOD) operates child care programs at military installations across the country (continued) Financed by a combination of government appropriations and sliding scale parent tuition fees May be full-day center-based care, part-day preschools, drop-in care, evening and weekend care ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Family Child Care Homes Aug 25, 2015 Family Child Care Homes Family child care is where a small group of children is cared for in the home of a child care provider. Popular for infants and toddlers, but care for all ages including school-age May be an employee of a system but most often operates independently contracting directly with families ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter Summary Starting a center includes… Aug 25, 2015 Chapter Summary Starting a center includes… conducting a needs assessment developing a philosophy Deciding on the type of program operations Time and energy must be invested before financial support is available and before a program can begin to deliver service to children and families. ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.