Voice Assessment: Instrumental

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Acoustic/Prosodic Features
Advertisements

Acoustic Characteristics of Consonants
SPPA 2000 Voice Lecture Stephen Tasko The Voice & Voice Disorders SPPA 2000 Stephen Tasko.
1 Organic Voice Disorders. 2 Organic Lesions Mass lesions of v.f.’s cause the following changes: 1. Increase mass of the v.f.’s 2. Alter shape of the.
CSD 2230 HUMAN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS Topic 7 Speech Disorders Voice Disorders.
Voice and Voice Disorders
Electroglottography Lab 7. Electroglottography (EGG) zTransduce impedance changes in the area between the electrodes zSignal not effected by the vowels.
Voice Pathology 2/15/00. Category 1 Vocal Pathologies Secondary to Vocal Abuse & Misuse.
Hoarseness. Common referral Hoarseness reflects any abnormality of normal phonation.
8 VOCE VISTA, ELECTROGLOTTOGRAMS, CLOSED QUOTIENTS
Fundamental Frequency & Jitter Lab 2. Fundamental Frequency Pitch is the perceptual correlate of F 0 Perception is not equivalent to measurement: –Pitch=
Basic Spectrogram Lab 8. Spectrograms §Spectrograph: Produces visible patterns of acoustic energy called spectrograms §Spectrographic Analysis: l Acoustic.
Instrumentation: Vocal Fold Vibration 2/10/00. Glottogram Analyzes the vibratory pattern of the vocal folds Graph of the laryngeal source waveform Graph.
Speech Production Process
Anatomy of the vocal mechanism
Unit Seven Voice Disorders.
ACOUSTICAL THEORY OF SPEECH PRODUCTION
The Human Voice Chapters 15 and 17. Main Vocal Organs Lungs Reservoir and energy source Larynx Vocal folds Cavities: pharynx, nasal, oral Air exits through.
Institute Day April 5, 2011 Vocal Cord Nodules: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Eva Björkner Helsinki University of Technology Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing HUT, Helsinki, Finland KTH – Royal Institute of Technology.
SPPA 4030 Speech Science1 Phonation SPPA 4030 Speech Science2 Topic Sequence Anatomy review Achieving phonation Capturing glottal and vocal fold behavior.
Topic 3b: Phonation.
Anatomic Aspects Larynx: Sytem of muscles, cartileges and ligaments.
Learning Objectives Describe how speakers control frequency and amplitude of vocal fold vibration Describe psychophysical attributes of pitch, loudness.
Laryngeal Physiology.
Phonatory System Lecture 8
Airflows for Speech and Voice
Laryngeal Function and Speech Production
NONLINEAR SOURCE-FILTER COUPLING IN SPEECH AND SINGING
Voice evaluation.
Hoarse meeting in Liverpool April 22, 2005 Subglottal pressure and NAQ variation in Classically Trained Baritone Singers Eva Björkner*†, Johan Sundberg†,
Instrumental Assessment SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders: Tasko.
Swallowing Disorders Chapter 3. * Imaging Studies * Ultrasound * Videoendoscopy * Videofluoroscopy * Scintigraphy.
Voice Quality Feburary 11, 2013 Practicalities Course project reports to hand in! And the next set of guidelines to hand out… Also: the mid-term is on.
MUSIC 318 MINI-COURSE ON SPEECH AND SINGING
Speech Acoustics1 Clinical Application of Frequency and Intensity Variables Frequency Variables Amplitude and Intensity Variables Voice Disorders Neurological.
Laryngeal Structure & Function; Vocal Fold Vibration
Peter R. LaPine, Ph.D. Department of Audiology and Speech Sciences Michigan State University.
Speech Science Fall 2009 Oct 28, Outline Acoustical characteristics of Nasal Speech Sounds Stop Consonants Fricatives Affricates.
Eva Björkner Helsinki University of Technology Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing HUT, Helsinki, Finland KTH – Royal Institute of Technology.
Male Cheerleaders and their Voices. Background Information: What Vocal Folds Look Like.
SPPA 6400 Voice Disorders Structure and Function of Larynx.
The Physics Of Sound Why do we hear what we hear?
SH 565- Instrumentation in Communicative Disorders Spring ‘02.
Speech Science VI Resonances WS Resonances Reading: Borden, Harris & Raphael, p Kentp Pompino-Marschallp Reetzp
SIL Speech Analyzer: Tutorial Part 2 Dr. Barbara Brindle CD 508 – Voice Disorders Dr. Dudley Bryant PHYS Acoustics.
In The Name of God The Compassionate The Merciful.
PHONETOTOPIC ORGANIZATION OF PHONATION EVIDENCE FROM ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, AERODYNAMICS, ACOUSTICS AND KINESTETICS Krzysztof Izdebski Pacific Voice and Speech.
Assessment of voice and Resonance. Classification Organic disorders –known physical cause –Includes neurological disorders Functional disorders – no known.
1. SPEECH PRODUCTION MUSIC 318 MINI-COURSE ON SPEECH AND SINGING
SPPA 6010 Advanced Speech Science
Phonation.
P105 Lecture #27 visuals 20 March 2013.
Behrman Chapter 5, 6 Place less emphasis on… Minor anatomical landmarks and features Extrinsic muscles of the larynx Blood supply to the larynx Central.
Phonation Physiology Phonation = series of openings and closings of the vocal folds Two phases 1.Prephonation phase: period during which VFs move from.
Whip Around  What 3 adjectives best describe you?  Think about this question and be prepared to share aloud with the class.
Chapter 3: The Speech Process
Assessment Part 2: Instrumental Assessment
Voice Disorders Clinical Applications Chapter 6
The Human Voice. 1. The vocal organs
Instrumental Assessment
Fundamental Frequency Change
Structure of Spoken Language
Chapter 3: The Speech Process
The Human Voice. 1. The vocal organs
SPPA 6010 Advanced Speech Science
Chapter 5 Vocal Mechanism
1. SPEECH PRODUCTION MUSIC 318 MINI-COURSE ON SPEECH AND SINGING
Remember me? The number of times this happens in 1 second determines the frequency of the sound wave.
†Department of Speech Music Hearing, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
Presentation transcript:

Voice Assessment: Instrumental

Instrumental Analysis of Voice Electromyographic assessment: direct measure of muscle activity; used for localization of muscle Aerodynamic assessment: 1. airflow rate & volume 2. subglottal (intraoral) pressure 3. laryngeal resistance 4. phonation threshold pressure

Instrumental Analysis of Voice Acoustic recording & analysis: 1. fundamental frequency (Fo) 2. intensity (dB SPL) 3. signal/ noise ratio 4. perturbation measures 5. spectral frequencies Electroglottography: measure of vocal fold contact area Photoglottography: measure of glottal area

Why do instrumentation evaluation? Contributes to the diagnosis, etiology and severity of the disorder, Allows perceptual measures to be objectified (i.e documentable), Instrumental evaluations are “noninvasive”, Baseline for documentation of progress,

Electroglottography Noninvasive, inexpensive, Demonstrates relative contact of the vocal folds during a glottal cycle, No information concerning area of glottal opening, Small electrodes on neck; glottis opens= impedance rises, glottis closes= impedance falls

Electrodes Glottis EGG Vocal fold contact area Electroglottograph electronics Vocal fold contact area Lines between electrodes represent the electrical current traversing through the v.f.’s

EGG Signal (inverse filtered) 1000 Airflow 68 MSEC EGG Opening (upward trace); Closing (downward trace) v.f.’s touch (close) = greater current

Width of area of glottis Glottogram OPEN Point of max opening Width of area of glottis (% of Maximum) CLOSED Opening Closing Closed Phase Open Phase 1 Cycle (T)

EGG: Normal & Disordered Glottal Waves A. Normal glottal width function A. B. Right Vocal fold Right Vocal fold Midline Midline Relative distance from midline Relative distance from midline Left Vocal fold Left Vocal fold Time of frame number B. Left recurrent nerve paralysis (Left never reaches midline & greater excursion; right fold crosses midline)

Electromyography Electrodes are either surface or needle, Needle inserted into specific muscles What do we look for? 1. onset & offset of muscle activity 2. pattern of muscle activity 4. amplitude of muscle activity 5. spont. bursts of activity Useful for voice problems with neurological or neuromuscular etiology.

EMG: Hooked Wire Electrode

EMG Vowel Production CV Combos CT Voice CT Voice Long relaxation time Buildup of EMG activity in CT ba ba ba bababa da da dadada

Aerodynamic Define vocal efficiency through airflow rates & pressure changes, Airflow rates: flow of air through the glottis, measured using pneumotachography & body plethesmography Subglottal pressure: driving pressure underneath the folds, pitot tube & pressure transducer, tube placed in the oral cavity, invasive method = esophageal balloon

Aerodynamic Laryngeal resistance: peak intraoral pressure divided by peak flow rate, reflects the overall resistance of the glottis, Phonation threshold pressure: minimal pressure to set v.f.’s into oscillation

Glottal Resistance A. Increased in subglottal pressure to overcome increase in glottal resistance B. Larynx offers increased resistance to airflow as folds are placed under increased tension Intratracheal Pressure (cm H20) Glottal resistance (dynes/se/cm) Fundamental Frequency (% of Freq. range) Fundamental Frequency (% of Freq. range) *30% of F0= Most efficient function of the larynx or habitual pitch

Importance of aerodynamic results? Results are a reflection of the valving activity of the larynx, Represents v.f. configuration, movement, structure & function, Intraoral pressure, transglottal airflow, & laryngeal resistance: 1. Discriminate normal & pathologic voice function, 2. Assess severity 3. Suggest implications for the diagnostic source of voice pathology

Acoustic Fundamental frequency: rate of vibration of the vocal folds, expressed in Hertz, or cycles per second, measure on sustained vowel or connected speech, Visipitch, C-Speech, CSL Perturbation measures: cycle-to-cycle variation in a signal; jitter (frequency) & Shimmer (amplitude), Signal to noise ratio: a measure of the energy in the voice signal over the noise energy in the voice signal, greater harmonic energy in voice= better voice quality,

Acoustic Intensity: SPL (Sound Pressure Level), measure mean and range intensity, Sound level meter or acoustic analysis programs Spectral analysis: displays glottal sound source & filtered characteristics of the speech signal across time, useful to analyze changes in the spectral characteristics of the voice sound, C-Speech, CSL

Spectographs Aperiodic v.f. vibration is evident by the irregularity of the spacing of the vertical voice bars

Spectograhs: Voice Quality Normal Nasal Breathy Harsh Hoarse

Spectographs: Vocal Nodules A. Vocal Nodule B. Aperiodic vocal fold vibration & Noise C. Six weeks post surgery

Importance of Acoustic Measures Provide objective & noninvasive measures of vocal function Normative values help you discriminate normal and pathological voice attributes Measure change in vocal performance over time Indirect inference about the severity of voice No acoustic measures can differentially diagnose the source of the voice pathology

Case # 1 41 year old attorney 4 months dysphonia Problem began after severe URI chronic coughing & clearing Long history of cigarette smoking ( 1 pack per day) Moderate alcohol consumption Voice abuser: home, sporting event, work

Examination Findings Mild-moderately hoarse- breathy Dramatic pitch decrease (2 months) Syllables per breath were normal Maximum phonation time = 16 seconds Acoustic: F0= 105 hz Jitter = 1.4% Shimmer = .33 dB S/N ratio = 12.7 dB

Examination Findings Aerodynamic: Mean airflow (l/sec)= 798 cc /sec Subglottal pressure = 20 cm H20 Glottal resistence= 20 cm H20/lps compressoin force between vocal folds during closed phase of vibration

Diagnosis Bilateral true vocal fold hemorrhagic polyps secondary to voice misuse & abuse

Readings Colton & Casper Ch.7 (Last half particularly)