JY Maritime Academy -Terminal Types Ms. Sarina Jones Mr. John Rydlund

Very, very brief Ship History Boats helped carry trade across water Boats got bigger and carried more trade Boats grew to Ships Ships carried more trade and went further with more cargo Cargoes evolved to move more for less Ships evolved and specialized to the trades and the evolving cargo

Small Ships Carried Goods

Ships Grew as Trade Grew

Ships & Terminals Evolved

Cargo Terms Break Bulk - a system of transporting cargo as separate pieces rather than in containers Bulk - commodity cargo that is transported unpackaged in large quantities in either liquid, granular or particulate form Roll-On Roll Off - denoting a passenger ferry or other method of transportation in which vehicles are driven ISO Containers - a standardized reusable box used for the safe, efficient and secure storage and movement of materials and products

Terminal Types Breakbulk, General Cargo, Neo Bulk Multipurpose Container Tanker Liquid Bulk Bulk Roll-On Roll-Off Barges or Tugs

Influences on Terminals Marine transportation evolved as the needs for transporting cargo evolved. Moving more cargo, faster and cheaper has compelled terminals to adapt Bigger, specialized ships have become part of systems requiring specialized terminals Tankers, Containers, Bulk Information Technology (IT) has improved productivity in terminals Terminal Operating Systems

Terms Throughput: Amount of cargo passing through a terminal Productivity: Terminal throughput over a given time period Project Cargo: A multi-shipment project that usually contains large, heavy, high value or critical pieces of equipment Transition: Change from one mode of transport to another

Where it Starts…Break Bulk

Breakbulk Cargoes Bagged Goods Barrels Drums Pallets Projects Lumber (neo-bulk) Steel (neo-bulk) and so on…

Breakbulk Granite

Neo Bulk Lumber

Neo Bulk Steel

Breakbulk Terminal – Pro’s Breakbulk terminals are multipurpose (work a variety of cargoes at once) Cost for setting up a basic breakbulk terminal can be much less than specialized terminals Wharf for ship to dock Laydown area for cargo to transition on/off ship Large laydown area can allow work on cargo at the terminal (Assembly/disassembly of projects)

Breakbulk Terminal - Cons Movement of cargo is slow compared to other types of terminal More labor-intensive to load/discharge Handling different types of cargo Securing cargo As cargoes vary at a terminal, equipment and facilities may vary as well, adding cost to the terminal(cranes, warehousing, stronger docks, forklifts…)

Terms Forklift – a vehicle with a pronged device in front for lifting and carrying heavy loads Shore Crane – Terminal crane used for loading/discharging cargo from ships Chassis – Terminal equipment typically pulled by a truck that is used to carry cargo Laydown Area: An open area of a terminal that is used for transitional storage of cargo

Breakbulk Terminal Gear Forklifts come in all sizes. The ones shown have a capacity of about 80,000#

Breakbulk Terminal Gear Most breakbulk terminals offer the use of some type of shore crane. Crane capacity is how much a crane can lift The capabilities of a terminal can be limited by the capacity of the cranes

Breakbulk Terminal Gear Chassis are used to move cargo around a terminal There many varieties including this tri-axle for heavier cargoes

Terms Wharf or Dock – Structure built along navigable waters so ships may lie alongside to receive and discharge cargo and passengers Yard – Area of a terminal where cargo comes to rest for transitional storage A yard is sometimes called a laydown area Gate – Controlled area of a terminal where cargo enters or leaves the facility Transition Shed – A dockside warehouse or covered area used for transitional storage of cargo

CITY DOCK 32

TRANSITION SHED

CITY DOCK 32 WHARF / DOCK YARD TO GATE

CITY DOCK 32 SHIP CRANE SHORE CRANE TRUCKS FORKLIFT PIPE