Arrays (Part II). Two- and Multidimensional Arrays Two-dimensional array: collection of a fixed number of components (of the same type) arranged in two.

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Presentation transcript:

Arrays (Part II)

Two- and Multidimensional Arrays Two-dimensional array: collection of a fixed number of components (of the same type) arranged in two dimensions –Sometimes called matrices or tables Declaration syntax: where intexp1 and intexp2 are expressions yielding positive integer values, and specify the number of rows and the number of columns, respectively, in the array C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition2

Two- and Multidimensional Arrays (cont'd.) C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition3

Accessing Array Components Syntax: where indexexp1 and indexexp2 are expressions yielding nonnegative integer values, and specify the row and column position C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition4

Accessing Array Components (cont'd.) C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition5

Two-Dimensional Array Initialization During Declaration Two-dimensional arrays can be initialized when they are declared: –Elements of each row are enclosed within braces and separated by commas –All rows are enclosed within braces –For number arrays, if all components of a row aren’t specified, unspecified ones are set to 0 C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition6

Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays Ways to process a two-dimensional array: –Process the entire array –Process a particular row of the array, called row processing –Process a particular column of the array, called column processing Each row and each column of a two- dimensional array is a one-dimensional array –To process, use algorithms similar to processing one-dimensional arrays C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition7

Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays (cont'd.) C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition8

Initialization To initialize row number 4 (i.e., fifth row) to 0: To initialize the entire matrix to 0: C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition9

Print To output the components of matrix : C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition10

Input To input data into each component of matrix : C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition11

Sum by Row To find the sum of row number 4 of matrix : To find the sum of each individual row: C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition12

Sum by Column To find the sum of each individual column: C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition13

Largest Element in Each Row and Each Column C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition14

Multidimensional Arrays Multidimensional array: collection of a fixed number of elements (called components) arranged in n dimensions (n >= 1) –Also called an n-dimensional array Declaration syntax: To access a component: C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition15

Multidimensional Arrays (cont'd.) When declaring a multidimensional array as a formal parameter in a function –Can omit size of first dimension but not other dimensions As parameters, multidimensional arrays are passed by reference only A function cannot return a value of the type array There is no check if the array indices are within bounds C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition16