IMPERIALISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

REVIEW Japan avoided European Imperialism by becoming more like the western powers New Constitution created constitutional monarchy Japan industrialized to keep up with advanced western nations Sino-Japanese War & Treaty of Shimonoseki marked beginning of Japan as world power

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did Imperialism in Southeast Asia effect events that would happen later in history?

INTRODUCTION Late 1800s – Imperialism spread to Southeast Asia Became an important source of spices & tea Later provided tin & oil

BRITISH COLONIES England controlled Burma & Singapore Burma was important because it bordered India Singapore guards entrance to Strait of Malacca – Very important trade route Britain purchased Singapore & establishes a factory Area became Singapore, held British Naval Base

FRENCH GAINS Eastern part of Southeast Asia: Laos, Cambodia, & Vietnam Governments were very unstable France controls all 3 during the 1800s Under French rule, governments stabilize & economies grow Regained independence in the 1950s

SIAM Sandwiched between English & French controlled countries Maintained independence by playing British interests against French interests King Mongkut studied western ideas – Better understood enemies & modernized

THE DUTCH EAST INDIES Made up of islands running between East Asia & Australia Colonized by the Netherlands in 1600s Revolutions during 1800s made Dutch change the way the islands were governed Became Indonesia in 1949

U.S. INTEREST IN THE PACIFIC Islands became important for Trans-Pacific trade Samoa Islands Hawaiian Islands Philippines Guam Wake Island

THE SAMOA ISLANDS East of Australia in Pacific Ocean Used by England, Germany, & U.S. as trading posts & naval bases Rivalry between 3 nations existed until 1899 when a treaty was signed England withdrew Germany & U.S. split the islands

THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS Held U.S. naval base, rich soil, good rainfall & a mild climate After 1865 Americans began to arrive Sugarcane & pineapple plantations were created U.S. wanted more control of the government 1893 – Americans ended Hawaiian Queen’s reign 1898 – Hawaii becomes part of U.S.

PHILIPPINES, GUAM, & WAKE ISLAND When U.S. & Spain went to war, U.S. Navy called into action 1 st Battle – Spanish-controlled Philippines Americans attacked at Manila Harbor U.S. controls Philippines after short war U.S. also gained control of Guam & Wake Island Filipino forces resisted American control, but were defeated after 3 years in 1902