CHAPTER 3.1 MIXTURES Their Uses

Mechanical Mixtures  Has more than one type of particle  You can see the different substances in mechanical mixtures.  Ex. Concrete  Other examples?

Solutions  When two or more substances combine to form a mixture that is uniform (looks the same throughout)  Appears to contain only one kind of particle.  Examples: Shampoo and syrup.  Other examples?

Parts of Solutions  Solute- is the substance that dissolves  Solvent- is the substance in which the solute dissolves.  Solute and solvent combine to form a solution.  There is usually less solute than solvent in a solution.  Iced tea- Crystals (solute or solvent?) - Water (solute or solvent?)

Concentration  Describes the amount of solute in a solution (what is solute again??)  seen on the label of many products  Shown in many ways:  g/L most common which means mass of solute in 1L of the solution

Solubility  Describes how easily a solute will dissolve in a solvent to make a solution  Soluble: when a substance will dissolve in a solvent.  Insoluble: when a substance will NOT dissolve in a solvent

Miscible vs. Immiscible  Miscible: is capable of being mixed.  Ex. Milk and water.  Immiscible: incapable of being mixed.  Ex. Fuel (gasoline) and water are immiscible  Ex. Water and oil

Mixtures and Solutions  Matter is made up of pure substances and mixtures  Pure substances are made up of elements and compounds  Mixtures are made up of mechanical mixtures and solutions.

Matter Pure Substance Mixture elementcompound mechanical mixture solution Organization of Matter Flowchart

Review: To remember solute vs. solvent  Solute- the substance that dissolves  Usually less of  Solvent- the substance that does the dissolves  Usually more of Another Hint: “u” in solute comes before “v” in solvent so your going to put solute in the solvent. Solvent dissolves the solute.

Other Trick… use if you want  Remembering Solute vs. Solvent:  Solute (6 letters long)  Solvent (7 letters long)  The solute is shorter/smaller/less of, if there is less of it, it will dissolve

Purifying Water Water treatment plants  One method; add alum to impure water, bacteria and dirt stick to alum and sink. Therefore easily separated.  Another step uses a charcoal filter to remove dissolved impurities  Lastly adding chlorine, kills any of the bacteria that are still present.

 They are now using UV light to kill bacteria

Distillation  Distillation is a way to get clean water.  Process in which water is boiled and the steam is collected and it condenses to form pure water.  Solar water distillerSolar water distiller

Separating Mixtures  4 Main ways to separate mixtures:  Straining (separation by size) ie. Using filter paper  Using a magnet (separates iron parts)  Evaporation (sugar and water)  Dissolving (sugar and sand)

Practice  Page 44  #’s 1-3