Put Dispensing Errors Behind Bars Implementation of Barcode Scanning In Pharmacy Departments Released July 2014

The Good Pharmacist Pharmacists are by nature (usually) very careful Jeff Kiger, “Pharmacist: The perfect job for a perfectionist”, PostBulletin.com, 8 Jan 2013 LOW rate of dispensing errors - 0.1% error rate 2

The Hidden Danger Even with a low error rate High volumes of dispensing can lead to a large number of errors For every 1,000 items dispensed, 1 dispensing error can occur 3

The 1 in 1,000 Error…. Patient prescribed quetiapine 100mg daily Pharmacist dispensed 100mg tablets, but gave quetiapine 25mg tablets Community pharmacy picked up error during Webster packing No doses taken by patient; no harm caused 4

The 1 in 1,000 Error…. Patient for doxycycline 100mg daily on hospital discharge Patient given Oxycontin 100mg Nil history of opioid use Patient took the Oxycontin 100mg as directed Readmitted with opioid- induced narcosis 5

The 1 in 1,000 Error…. Post-op patient for ciprofloxacin 500mg bd for surgical prophylaxis Pharmacist incorrectly gave citalopram 20mg tablets Patient took citalopram 20mg, one tablet bd as directed Continued for two days Readmitted to hospital with sepsis requiring ICU admission 6

The 1 in 1,000 Error…. Renal patient on Pegatron 120mcg combipack Pegatron dispensed but Pegasys 180mcg combipack given by mistake Patient took medication home, realised pack looked different and called Liver Clinic Returned Pegasys without taking any doses and picked up Pegatron Pegasys needed to be discarded Cost to facility = around $3,200 7

Reducing the Error Rate Further Barcode scanning has been shown to reduce product selection errors Studies have shown a 85% reduction in targeted dispensing errors (0.37% to 0.06%) 8

What is Barcode Scanning Patient safety initiative Way of checking the identity of product dispensed to product selected However, barcode scanning doesn’t fix all errors…. 9

Errors Barcode scanning detects errors associated with: 1.Incorrect product selection (compared to data entry) 2.Incorrect assembly (e.g. applying the incorrect label to the product) Does not prevent data entry errors 10

11 Error TypeAvoided by Barcode Scanning NOT Avoided by Barcode Scanning Wrong patient Wrong medicine entered into iPharmacy Wrong medicine chosen from shelf Wrong strength entered into iPharmacy Wrong strength chosen from shelf Wrong quantity entered into iPharmacy Wrong quantity chosen from shelf Wrong formulation entered into iPharmacy Wrong formulation chosen from shelf Omission (failure to dispense) Wrong directions Wrong dispensing label

Recommendations The use of barcode scanners is strongly recommended by – Pharmacy Board of Australia, Guidelines for dispensing of medicines – SHPA, Standards of Practice for Hospital Pharmacy Outpatient Services – PSA, Professional Practice Standard 5: Dispensing – National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards 12

Benefits 1.Reduces the rate of preventable medication (selection) errors 2.Decreases incidence of patient harm 3.Saves money by reducing drug waste 4.Complies with pharmacy professional practice standards 5.Demonstrates compliance with accreditation standards 13

Barcode Scanning and the Dispensary Workflow 14

How to Use Barcode Scanning Barcode scanning often used incorrectly Should NOT be used to assist data entry Should be used during final stages of dispensing – “….just prior to attaching the label” Once a barcode scanning check is completed, strike out the barcode 15

The Dispensing Workflow 16 Data Entry Label Produced Product Selection Final Check Label Scan TWO barcodes: 1. On dispensing label 2. On manufacturers packaging Patient Identifiers AND Medication Information Product Selection The system will alert you if they do NOT match

Who Should Scan? The person completing the final stages of dispensing i.e. the person “attaching the label” This could include: The pharmacist dispensing The technician/grad dispensing (prior to pharmacist final check) The pharmacist checking and packing (after a technician/grad has entered data, produced a label and selected the product) 17

What Medications Need Scanning? Ideally, ALL medications should be scanned Some departments will start with Outpatient (full box) dispensing only EXCLUSIONS: i.Medications that are part of a trial or study ii.SAS medications iii.Extemporaneous products 18

Trouble-Shooting The barcode on the original box/bottle isn’t recognised in iPharmacy. What to do? 1.Write down the medication name, strength, formulation 2.Give details to 3. will contact HealthShare NSW 4.Dispense as normal. Barcode scanning will not be available so do a double/triple check! 19

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