Resource Sharing Over a Network Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition

Objectives After reading this chapter and completing the exercises you will be able to: Explain the principles behind sharing disks and files on a network Set up accounts, groups, security, and disk and file sharing on network server operating systems Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Objectives (continued) After reading this chapter and completing the exercises you will be able to: Set up disk and file sharing on client operating systems Set up printer sharing on server and client operating systems Discuss how network and Internet servers are used for vast information-sharing networks Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Sharing Disks, Files and Printers One of the first reasons for linking a workstation’s operating system onto a network NetWare was early on the scene to enable file sharing through a server by downloading a file from a file server by purchasing third-party software to create a special shared drive Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Sharing Disks, Files and Printers (continued) Share entire applications over the network Download the entire executable Only one version needed on the server Mapping enables a client workstation to attach to the shared drive of another workstation or server drive letter assigned Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Sharing Disks, Files and Printers (continued) Mounted volume term used in UNIX/Linux and Mac OS X for a mapped drive Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Securing Shared Resources Potential security risk for non-authorized users to access a file or use a printer Operating systems discussed in this book offer security measures Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Sharing Disks and Files Through Server Network Operating Systems Examples of server network operating systems that share disks and files over a network Windows 2000 Server Windows Server 2003 UNIX/Linux Mac OS X Server NetWare Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Sharing Disks and Files Through Server Network Operating Systems Network administrator may establish security by assigning accounts, account passwords, groups, and access privileges Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 Uses accounts, groups, and permissions Steps involved include setting up the following: Groups – Account policies User accounts – Permissions Shared disk and folders Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Use groups to manage resources and permissions Local Domain local Global Universal Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Groups are defined as security or distribution groups Security groups used to enable access to resources on a standalone server or in Active Directory Distribution groups used for e-mail or telephone Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Container object entity that is used to group together resources in a directory service Tree consists of one or more domains Forest houses one or more trees Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Universal group guidelines use global groups to hold user accounts as members use domain local groups to provide access to resources in a specific domain use universal groups to provide extensive access to resources manage user accounts access Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows NT Server Trusted domain Trusting domain such as college.edu granted access to the resources in another domain such as research.college.edu Trusting domain research.college.edu allows access to its resources to college.edu Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Before any accounts are created, it is wise to establish the account policies Three categories: Password security Account Lockout Kerberos security Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Password security options: enforce password history maximum password age minimum password age minimum password length password complexity requirements password storage using reversible encryption Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Account lockout options: account lockout duration account lockout threshold reset account lockout count Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Kerberos options: enforce user logon restrictions maximum lifetime for a service ticket maximum lifetime for a user ticket maximum lifetime for a user ticket renewal maximum tolerance for a computer clock synchronization Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Share an object given a name and made visible to network users Disk or folder - shared through its properties Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Share permissions: Read Change Full Control Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Dialog box in Figure 9-6 has a caching button Caching enables you to set up a folder so that it can be accessed by a client, even when the client is not connected to the network Web sharing files available on a Web server for HTML or FTP access See Tables 9-2 and 9-3 Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued) Troubleshooting a security conflict: review folder and share permissions take into account what happens when a folder or files are copied or moved inherited properties Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

UNIX and Linux User identification number (UID) each user account in UNIX is associated with a UID Group identification number (GID) users who have common access needs Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

UNIX and Linux (continued) The password file (/etc/passwd) contains : user name encrypted password or a reference to the shadow file UID GID information about the user location of the user’s home directory which shell to use Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

UNIX and Linux (continued) Shadow file (/etc/shadow) contains password restriction information : minimum and the maximum number of days between password changes Information on when last changed Warning information about password expiration Amount of time that the account can be inactive before access is prohibited Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

UNIX and Linux (continued) Home directories areas on the server in which users store data Information about groups is typically stored in the /etc/group file Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

UNIX and Linux (continued) Permissions are granted on the basis of ownership group membership other (or World) all (all is not used in every version of UNIX, but is included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux) Permissions are set up by using the chmod command Chmod has two different formats, symbolic and octal Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

NetWare Novell NetWare server installation Default directories: first task is to design a file structure Default directories: SYSTEM PUBLIC LOGIN HOME APPS DATA Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

NetWare (continued) Net Administrator tasks: Set security on each directory, subdirectory, and on particular files Create an account and account password for each user Set up groups as a way to provide shortcuts for managing security Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

NetWare (continued) Search drive given drive letters such as S1 for the first drive, S2 for the second drive, and so on Difference between a mapped network drive and a mapped search drive NetWare can execute a file on a search drive, whether the file is in the main directory or in a subdirectory under the search drive Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

NetWare (continued) A login script is a file of commands associated with an account or a group of accounts Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

NetWare (continued) A user account can be set up in ConsoleOne using several kinds of restrictions: Requiring a password Setting a minimum password length Requiring that a password is changed within a specified interval of time The remainder are listed on page 453 of the textbook Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

NetWare (continued) Administrator can grant rights to access specific directories, subdirectories, and files The rights control the ability to: Perform a directory listing Create a new directory, subdirectory, or file Read contents of a directory, subdirectory, or file Write to the contents of a file Refer to the list on page 454 of the textbook for the rest Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

NetWare (continued) Novell Directory Services (NDS) Leaf objects such as user accounts, groups, printers, directories, subdirectories, files, and other resources Novell Directory Services (NDS) stores information about objects Leaf objects store information about clients Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Mac OS X Server The Mac OS X Server is designed as a true server file sharing printer sharing managing network users and groups providing Web services Mac OS X Server can support up to several thousand users includes the Apache Web server software supports TCP/IP and AppleTalk Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Mac OS X Server (continued) Included tools Server Admin Macintosh Manager Share points shared resources on a server Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Mac OS X Server (continued) Logging of events can include: Login and Logout events Opened files Newly created files Newly created folders Deleted files and folders Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Accessing and Sharing Disks and Files Through Client Network Operating Systems Many operating systems include the ability to act as clients to map to disks and directories on servers Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Accessing and Sharing Resources in Windows 2000 Professional Access a shared drive over the network Map the drive using My Network Places The steps for mapping a drive are shown on page 457 Same process for Windows 2000 Server Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Accessing and Sharing Resources in Windows XP Uses My Network Places to locate and map network drives Fastest way to access My Network Places is to use the steps on page 458 Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Accessing and Sharing Resources in Windows XP (continued) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Accessing Shared Resources via UNIX/Linux and Specialized Utilities Network File System (NFS) provides file transfer capabilities NFS in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 enable portmap enable rpc.mountd enable rpc.nfsd Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Accessing Shared Resources via UNIX/Linux and Specialized Utilities (continued) UNIX/Linux can access share Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 with Samba Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Accessing and Sharing Resources via Mac OS X In Mac OS X, you connect to another computer that is sharing a disk or folder by using the Go menu To mount a shared drive open the Go menu select Connect To Server enter address of server Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Accessing and Sharing Resources via Mac OS X (continued) Establish the network identity and turn on file sharing through System Preferences Privileges are set in order to enable access Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Sharing Printing Devices Operating systems discussed in this book have the ability to share printers as well as disks, directories, and files Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows-based Systems Configure printing by using the Add Printer Wizard Once a printer is set up, it appears in the Printers folder In Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, click Start, and click Printers and Faxes Right-click the printer to access menu options Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Windows-based Systems (continued) Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 share permissions: Print Manage Documents Manage Printers Special permissions Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

UNIX/Linux UNIX printing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 log on to the UNIX server and printing to one of its printers set up to use the BSD or the SVR4 spooling system as describe in Chapter 5 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 GNOME Print Manager tool Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

NetWare Shared printing queue-based printing Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS) Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Mac OS X Methods of printer sharing can make a connected local printer available to other computers running the Mac OS on a network can attach to a shared printer offered by another workstation on the network Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Network and Internet Resource Servers NetWare UNIX/Linux Windows 2000/Server 2003 Mac OS X servers Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Network and Internet Resource Servers Functions e-mail e-commerce video-conferencing multimedia client/server applications web servers Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Summary Resource sharing is why networks exist and are thriving Security is important for network resources Groups, user accounts, and permissions permit or restrict access as determined by the administrator Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

Summary (continued) Client operating systems have utilities to enable access or share resources over the network Network server operating systems continue to provide more and more ways to share resources Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition