Kingdom Monera (Bacteria)

Ciera Verschneider 2009

Characteristics of Bacteria 1 celled organism (unicellular) Does not have a nuclear membrane Chromosome is a single long chain Lacks organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts how big are they? t/begin/cells/scale/ t/begin/cells/scale/

Shapes Cocci Round spheres

Bacilli Rods (pieces of chalk)

Spirilli Corkscrews

Movement Some bacteria have flagella to help them move Flagella are whiplike tails

Reproduction Fission One parent cell splits into 2 daughter cells after doubling its DNA Daughter cells are clones

Breathing Aerobes use oxygen Anaerobes do not use oxygen

Cyanobacteria Blue green bacteria make food using Sunlight, CO 2, and water due to a colored pigment called Chlorophyll

Good bacteria Used to make foods like Cheese Sauerkraut Yogurt And vinegar

Saprophyte Decomposer: breaks down dead materials (recycles)

Nitrogen fixing bacteria Help farmers to grow plants (works like fertilizer)

Industry uses for Make medicine, Enzymes, Cleaners Glues Etc.

Bad Bacteria Pathogen Bacteria that causes disease Treat with ANTIBIOTICS Prevent with VACCINATION

Virus No cells Only reproduce inside other cells No form of respiration (energy)

Graphic image on next slide

Smallpox

Reproduction Attach to outside of host cell Inject DNA into host, becomes part of host DNA

Copy: host makes copies of virus Release: host cell bursts, viruses leave to infect new cells

Prevent with VACCINE First vaccine made by Jenner in 1600’s Used his SON to prevent SMALLPOX

To make a vaccine 1. Kill virus DNA

2. Inject dead virus into an animal 3. Animal makes memory cells (white blood cells or T4 cells) 4. That is your immune system WBC’s make antibodies (14-21 days) 5. BAM! next time it recognizes the protein coat of a real one, Kills it dead

Famous Science Dudes Leeuvenhoek Microscope

2. Edward Jenner 1600’s Made first vaccine to smallpox virus Tested it on his son

3. Louis Pasteur (1850’s) Proved bacteria cause disease Created first rabies vaccine Pasteurization Quickly heat and then cool milk To kill bacteria, but keeps flavor

4. Josef Lister (1850’s) Germ Theory of Disease Proved patients would live if doctors and nurses washed their hands in carbolic acid Hospitals were a place to go to die They smelled like rotting meat

Alexander Fleming (1928)  went away for vacation, and left some agar plates on the shelf  came back and noticed no bacteria were growing around a spot of fungus The fungus was Penicillium notatum, and we now use an extract of the fungus as PENICILLIN (an antibiotic) Penicillin does not let bacteria form a cell wall

5. Jonas Salk (1940’s) Polio vaccine