Wake-up Write down each equation below. Identify the base (B), acid (A), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB). 1.NH 3 + HCN  NH 4 + CN 1.HSO 4.

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Presentation transcript:

Wake-up Write down each equation below. Identify the base (B), acid (A), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB). 1.NH 3 + HCN  NH 4 + CN 1.HSO 4 + PO 4  HPO 4 + SO 4 1.HCO 2 H + OH  H 2 O + CO 2 H

pH and pOH Ways to measure Acidity/Basicity What is pH? What is pOH?

What does pH represent? Parts Hydrogen

pH Measurement that reveals if a solution is acidic or basic

What is the pH Scale? Runs from 0.0 to 14.0 with 7.0 being neutral; Logarithmic

pH scale Acid Base (Alkaline) Neutral

Logarithmic Scale A ten-fold difference between each successive full number on the scale

Logarithmic Scale – ACID Each whole pH value BELOW 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. For example, pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than pH 6.

Logarithmic Scale: BASE Each whole pH values ABOVE 7 is ten times more basic than the next lower whole value. For example, pH 10 is ten times more alkaline than pH 9 and 100 times (10 times 10) more alkaline than pH 8.

Basic Equations (Reference Table) pH = -log[H + ] pOH = -log[OH - ] pH + pOH = 14 [H+] = 10 -pH [OH-] = 10 -pOH

Example #1 What is the pH of a M HCl solution? Known = M HCl Unknown = pH pH = -log[H + ] pH = -log [0.031M] pH = 1.5

Example #2 What is the pH of a 2.50 x M HNO 3 solution? Known = 2.50 x M HNO 3 Unknown = pH pH = -log[H + ] pH = -log [2.50 x M] pH = 5.60

Example #3 What is the pH of a M NaOH solution? Known = M NaOH Unknown = pH pOH = -log[OH + ] pOH = -log [0.025 M] = 1.6 pOH pH = 12.4 pH + pOH = 14 pH = 14

Example #4 What is the pH of a M NaOH solution? Known = M NaOH Unknown = pH pOH = -log[OH + ] pOH = -log [ M] = 4.3 pOH pH = 9.7 pH + pOH = 14 pH = 14

Calculating pOH pOH = 14 – pH pOH = -log[OH-] EXAMPLE: What is the pOH of a solution that has a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.82 x M ? pOH = - log [OH - ] pOH = - log [4.82 x ] pOH = 4.32

YOU TRY! Find the pH of the solution if [H+] = 1 x M What is the hydrogen ion concentration if pH = 7.1? What is the pH if [OH-] = 4 x M? pH = = -log [H + ] 10 – 7.1 = [H + ] = 7.9 x M pOH = -log [OH-] pOH = -log [4 x ] =

pH scale Acid Base Strong Acid Strong Base Weak Acid Weak Base Neutral

Breakdown of water