The Progressive Era USHC-4.6 USHC-4.6 Compare the accomplishments and limitations of the women’s suffrage movement and the Progressive Movement in affecting social and political reforms in America, including the roles of the media and of reformers such as Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Jane Addams, and Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.

The Progressive Period As the 1800’s came to a close many people’s life style was on the rise However, immigrants and poor laborers continued to work under harsh conditions. Local political machines controlled government and were often very corrupt. ***As a result people began to demand reforms in government, business, and society in general.

The Muckrakers Leading intellectual writers came on the scene during the Progressive Period. They ***wrote stories about government corruption and problems with big business. Muckrakers The most famous Muckraker was ***Upton Sinclair who wrote a book called The Jungle. ***The book uncovered the horrors in the meat packing industry. It inspired President Roosevelt to clean up the meat industry.

Progressivism was aided by the media “Muckrackers” investigated the corporations and conditions of the times The plight of the Native Americans The worker and immigrant

Women in the Progressive Era ***Women took a role in promoting social reform - now had the opportunity for higher education at new women’s colleges - new jobs at factories and offices The most important reform…VOTING!

The Women’s Suffrage Movement In the 1870’s Susan B. Anthony became arguably the most well known leader urging the peoples right to vote. She established the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) The movement struggled until 1920 when the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote nation wide. ***First state to give women the right to vote was Wyoming!!! (West was more tolerant than the east)

Carrie Chapman Catt Founded the NAWSA (National American Women’s Suffrage Association) ***Women campaigned on the idea that they would clean up society and gov.

Alice Paul Formed the National Women’s Party Wanted an amendment to the Constitution -Engaged in marches and picketed the White House

19th Amendment- gave women the right to vote in 1920

Jane Addams -Educated woman -***Established the Hull House in Chicago, for immigrants to take vocational classes receive childcare (settlement house) ***Wanted protection for child laborers

Hull House in Chicago

***18th Amendment- prohibited the making, selling, or transporting of alcohol in the US Time period was called PROHIBITION (time of no alcohol)

Sec 2: Political Reform Progressivism started at the city and state level ***Gained support at the national level with Pres. Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt ***First President to give support to rights of workers

The Spoils System Since Lincoln’s death, corruption went up in the federal government Many blamed the ***spoils system- gave government positions to political supporters, reward those who were loyal Someone got so angry that he didn’t get a position, he assassinated President James Garfield

Garfield’s death led to the Pendleton Act. This Act created the Civil Service Commission- applicants must pass an exam to gain any official position in the government

Teddy Roosevelt Youngest president elected by 1901 and full of changes Roosevelt’s first change was stopping the Anthracite Coal Mine Strike Roosevelt threatens to use federal troops unless the strike is settled Next was his opposition to monopolies. One of the most famous cases was Northern Securities v. US ***Nicknamed the “Trust-buster” for breaking up monopolies

***Bully Pulpit- uses his presidency to end conflicts between management and employees ***Created the nations first National Parks, so a conservationist ***Created the Pure Food and Drug Act & the Meat Inspection Act (inspired by the book “The Jungle”

Taft, Wilson, and the Election of 1912 After one term, Roosevelt stepped down and his friend William Taft became President Taft was not a reformer and let the Republican party divide due to issues with tariffs ***Roosevelt was angered by this and formed the Progressive, or “Bull Moose” Party Since the Republicans were split between Taft and Roosevelt, Democrat won the election Woodrow Wilson in 1912

Taft and Wilson

The Bull Moose Party….what does this cartoon say?

Wilson and his policies Wilson helped create the ***Federal Reserve Act-oversaw the circulation of money and helped prevent bank failures ***Clayton Antitrust Act- Strikes and boycotts became legal (referred to as the ‘Magna Carta of Labor’ 16th Amendment- Federal government can collect income taxes 17th Amendment- Direct election of senators

Segregation Separation based on race Took place in restaurants, schools, hospitals, etc ***Two kinds: 1. De jure- Based on law 2. De facto- done by economic/social factors

Notable African-Americans of the Progressive Period Booker T. Washington- former slave, and founder of Tuskegee Institute Believes blacks should be the master of trades to be treated as equals (farmers, construction, waiters, etc.) Agrees with segregation, as mentioned in a speech in Atlanta: ‘be as separate as fingers, yet one as the hand…”

Booker T Washington

W.E.B. Du Bois- First black Ph.D. graduate from Harvard Does not agree with Washington Atlanta Compromise- Don’t settle for a trade, strive to get higher jobs, be active in politics Niagara Movement- Outline an agenda for African-American progress in the US Founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Du Bois

EOC SAMPLE QUESTIONS: 1. Pres EOC SAMPLE QUESTIONS: 1. Pres. Theodore Roosevelt would MOST likely use the term “muckraker” to apply to which of the following? A. A woman demanding the right to vote B. A supporter of the temperance movement C. A journalist writing about abuses in government and business D. A woman with a hatchet attacking saloons.

A. A supporter of the “Bull Moose” Party 2. Of the following, which person would likely NOT have voted for the Progressive Party in 1912? A. A supporter of the “Bull Moose” Party B. Those who believed in a laissez-faire approach to economics C. A woman who believed she deserved the right to vote D. A former leader of the Populist movement

B. The Civil Service System C. The spoils system 3. The system which rewarded political supporters with government positions was: A. The Pendleton Act B. The Civil Service System C. The spoils system D. The “Wisconsin system”

4. Which of the following would be supported by the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson? A. It is OK to have separate schools for blacks and whites, so long as both have qualified teachers. B. It is illegal to separate people by race because it violates the spirit of the Constitution. C. African-Americans cannot be denied the right to vote D. De Facto segregation is acceptable based on law.

5. On which of the following points would W. E 5. On which of the following points would W.E.B Du Bois likely DISAGREE with Booker T. Washington? A. What occupations blacks should pursue in US society B. The need for blacks to take steps to better themselves and become economically independent C. The need for blacks to be better trained and educated D. The belief that whites enjoy certain advantages in society