The Role of ICT in University Governance in Tanzania A Paper Prepared for presentation at the Higher Education Forum 2012 By: Prof. Beda Mutagahywa College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 35131 Dar Es Salaam. Tanzania Email: bmutag@udsm.ac.tz Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

The Role of ICT in University Governance in Tanzania Agenda Introduction Governance defined. ICT and ICT Trends ICT in Teaching, Research and Community engagement ICT in Administration Conclusions and Recommendations. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

Higher Education Forum 2012 Introduction ICTs (PCs and Internet) well deployed in Universities Maturity average 1-2 on the scale 0-5 ICTs inevitable as economies transit to knowledge economies Everybody in Universities can access network resources……smart phones Review ICT Integration, identify role in University governance and make recommendations. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

Higher Education Forum 2012 Governance defined… University Governance….“the means and processes which facilitate the functioning of a University in terms of making right decisions and take actions at the right time.” It also refers to both the relationships between internal and external governance structures and actors and the manner in which they influence each other. World Bank on good governance.. ”predictable, open, enlightened policy making; a bureaucracy imbued with a professional ethos; government accountable for its actions; a strong civil society participating in public affairs and all behaving under the rule of law.” Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

Higher Education Forum 2012 Governance defined… e-governance defined ..as the application of ICT in all operational functions of a University; Increasing access to processes of making policy/rules/procedures and access to existing policies/rules/procedures. Interaction - management/administration with internal and external stake holders. Transparency and accountability in budgetary and financial management, revenue mobilization and expenditure. Monitoring performance . Simplification of academic and administrative processes. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

Higher Education Forum 2012 Governance defined… ICT is cross cutting, costs and risks are high… This is indeed why apart from mainstreaming the role of ICT in University governance (e-governance), HEIs need to focus also on putting in place ICT governance structures and respect them: to ensure that plans are developed and priorities set collectively; to ensure that all ICT related actions taken are consistent with university wide shared values, strategies and objectives; to ensure that risks are properly mitigated; and to ensure that investments made return the value expected. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

ICT-Governance challenges… …..to ensure alignment of the University objectives and the objectives of the ICT organization-Business Alignment BA ICT service Management....to ensure uninterrupted business operations. ICT Organization's... is planning services, ensuring business continuity and managing services roll-outs in cooperation with the service provider. Strategic applications .. there should be a Service Owner ... business requirements and to authorize changes related to the service... Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

Higher Education Forum 2012 ICT-ICT Trends… Limited knowledge of ICT resources and its management.(digital immigrants vs natives) Applications supporting University business should be supported by strong technical, knowledge and organizational infrastructures. A steady decrease in the unit cost of computing power, cloud computing through broad band telecommunication networks and mobile devices. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

ICT in research, teaching and community engagement Universities in Tanzania need to form a strong collaborative Institution (eg. NREN) . Form a National Virtual Library, to promote access to recent publications and to provide opportunity for research dissemination through on-line e-journals. The national ICT policy should spell out how improving ICT capacity for the education sector can address issues of access and equity of education at all levels. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

ICT in research, teaching and community engagement The role of ICT in teaching and learning is more pronounced in institutions which have adopted Learning management Systems (LMS). Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

Higher Education Forum 2012 ICT in Administration ICT applications should support strategic decision-making and policy implementation, stimulate and facilitate free flow of information and to respond to demands of students for better access to university services and information through the web. Consultations and accountability can be facilitated by online discussion forums and mailing/sms lists, e-voting, Use of Intranet will enhance the collegiality feeling. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

Conclusions and Recommendations The integration of ICT in education will cater for increasing demand for higher education, for online learning and lifelong learning. ICT trend is towards mobile technology, virtual world, social networking, cloud computing etc HEIs should integrate these technologies into their programs and strategies. Establishment of strong Institutional collaboration in virtual library, online databases, networking, use of ICT experts should be seriously explored. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

Conclusions and Recommendations E-governance in HEIs will enhance good governance, efficiency and transparency. How ever the accumulated massive data will only be useful for decision and forecasting when data warehousing and data mining technologies are deployed in HEIs or across the higher education sector. ICT is a strategic resource for HEIs and as such ICT governance should be prioritised and made part of the Institutional governance. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

Conclusions and Recommendations Universities should pay particular attention to ICT-business alignment. Defining roles for CIO, Business Owners and Service Manager(s) will help in this area. Universities should deploy mobile applications to increase the Institution’s robustness and accountability to people it serves, as such improving governance. The National ICT policy currently being reviewed, should indicate how ICT can address issues of access, quality and equity of education at all levels. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017

The End Thank you for your attention ………………….. Higher Education Forum 2012 4/17/2017