© Student Handouts, Inc. www.studenthandouts.com T HE P HOENICIANS.

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© Student Handouts, Inc. T HE P HOENICIANS

G EOGRAPHY  Phoenicia was located between the eastern Mediterranean coast and the Lebanon Mountains

G OVERNMENT  Not a unified nation  Consisted of independent city-states

P HOENICIANS W ERE S AILORS  Sailing  No maps or modern technology  Sailed beyond Gibraltar (Pillars of Hercules)  Evidence that they may have circumnavigated Africa

P HOENICIAN C OLONIES  Sailed and colonized throughout the Mediterranean beginning circa 1000 B.C.E.  Gades (Cadiz, Spain)  Carthage (Tunis, Tunisia)  Modern DNA testing links Palestinians, Lebanese, and residents of old Phoenician colonies

T RADE  Leading sailors and traders of ancient world  They traded:  Cloth  Dye (purple dye prized by kings, made from shellfish murex)  Glass  Pottery  Traded for:  Tin (Britannia)  Hides, ivory, ostrich feathers, and slaves (Africa)  Gold, precious stones, and spices (India)

A LPHABET  Carried their civilization and culture where they traded  Adopted and adapted Egyptian hieroglyphics into an alphabet off 22 symbols (letters) representing sounds

R EVIEW Q UESTIONS  Where was Phoenicia located?  Name two Phoenician colonies.  Where did the Phoenicians trade?  What is considered to be the Phoenicians’ greatest contribution to the world?