Action Research Teacher as a Researcher Research & Action Research Manoj Kumar Dash DEP-SSA, IGNOU New Delhi

re search again to find out Oxford Dictionary Advance Learner's Dictionary of Current English Enquiry/ investigation/ test Enquiry/ investigation/ test Frequentative & Intensive Frequentative & Intensive Careful investigation/Enquiry to find out for new facts in any Branch of knowledge Careful investigation/Enquiry to find out for new facts in any Branch of knowledge Systematic approach to obtained answerer/solution to meaningful question / problem through application of scientific procedure What is Research ?

Steps of Research Identification of problem Stating & defining the problem Formulation of hypothesis Implications of Hypothesis Collection of data Analysis & Interpretations of data Conclusions & Generalizations Drawing inferences Implications

Types of Research Fundamental Research Applied Research Aims at Generating new Knowledge in terms of New theory Generating new Knowledge in terms of New theory Finding solution of an immediate, specific and practical problem Finding solution of an immediate, specific and practical problem Purpose Bring changes in policies & practices (may/may not) Bring changes in policies & practices (may/may not) Improve process/testing theoretical concepts in Actual situations Improve process/testing theoretical concepts in Actual situations Implications No immediate or Practical applications No immediate or Practical applications Immediate or practical applications Immediate or practical applications In fundamental research Findings are evaluated In terms of universal validity In applied research Findings are evaluated In terms of local applicability For example Advance in the educational practice (T-L Process) depend upon Fundamental research in Teacher education For example Advance in the educational practice (T-L Process) depend upon Fundamental research in Teacher education For example Problem faced by teachers, policy makers, and administrators Are solved by applied research For example Problem faced by teachers, policy makers, and administrators Are solved by applied research

Scope of Educational Research Research Methodology Areas of Education HistoricalDescriptive Experimental Action Research Philosophy of Education Psychology of Education T-L Process Curriculum Evaluation Staff Development Management & Administration

Historical Method Understanding the past Building a Perspective about the present Anticipating about future Describe what was Describe what was It involves investigations, recording, analysis and interpretations of events of the Past to make generalisations

Descriptive Method Understanding The present Comparison Between variables Discover Relationship Between variables Describe what is Describe what is It involves descriptions, recording, analysis and interpretations of Conditions that exists

Experimental Method One variable is carefully Controlled/ manipulated Examine Impact of Manipulation on other variable Establish relationship Between variables Describe what will be Describe what will be It involves deliberate manipulation of one set of Variable (experimental treatment to independent variable) to examine its impact on Other set of variables (dependent variable)

Action Research Does it (Action Research) same as that of Experimental Research Difference lies in the extent to which findings can be generalized Action research primarily concerned with : - solving problem - solution of a problem here and now - real problem faced by practicener - making practices better Fundamental research aims at development of theory Fundamental research aims at development of theory Applied Research aims at application of theory Applied Research aims at application of theory Action Research aims at immediate application of theory Action Research aims at immediate application of theory

Applied Research Does it (Action Research) same as that of Applied Research ? Action Research Aims at creation of new knowledge through generalization Aims at creation of new knowledge through generalization Aims at local specific problem solving Aims at local specific problem solving Formulation of hypothesis is on the basis of previous research & knowledge Formulation of hypothesis is on the basis of previous research & knowledge Formulation of hypothesis may/ may not required Formulation of hypothesis may/ may not required Design is sophisticated Design is sophisticated Design is crude Design is crude Randomized (or representative) sampling Randomized (or representative) sampling Sampling is Not an issue Sampling is Not an issue Variables are carefully chosen And classified like criterion, independent And intervening Variables are not an issue. What ever they are there in the problem situation Necessary to check reliability, validity & objectivity of test Reliability, validity & objectivity of test are not an issue Sophisticated techniques are used for analysis & interpretation Crude analysis that provides adequate feedback

T H A N K S