Introduction to Basic Science of HIV/AIDS

BREAKDOWN OF HIV RESEARCH BASIC SCIENCEBASIC SCIENCE Seeks the fundamental understanding of the biological, chemical, and physical nature of HIV.Seeks the fundamental understanding of the biological, chemical, and physical nature of HIV. CLINICAL SCIENCECLINICAL SCIENCE Seeks the understanding of the prevention, treatment, and/or the diagnosis of HIV infection in humans.Seeks the understanding of the prevention, treatment, and/or the diagnosis of HIV infection in humans. SOCIAL/BEHAVIORAL SCIENCESOCIAL/BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE Seeks the systematic analysis and investigation of human behavior in the context of HIV.Seeks the systematic analysis and investigation of human behavior in the context of HIV.

Relationship of the sciences Basic ScienceClinical Science Social/Behavioral Science Translational Science

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OUTLINE OF BASIC SCIENCE Module 1.1Natural History of HIV Data Interpretation and Biostatistics HIV Structure, Lifecycle, and Replication Overview of the Human Immune System Origins of HIV Immune Responses to HIV Pathogenesis of HIV Disease and Markers of Progression Immune Reconstitution Module 1.2HIV Basic Science Introduction to Basic Sciences Model Systems to Study HIV Major Basic Science Discoveries in HIV Current HIV Basic Science Research Topics HIV Cure Translation Science – Bench to Bedside to Community Future Directions in HIV Basic Science Research

History of HIV from the Basic Science Perspective 1940’s: Evidence of the first infections of humans with HIV (discovered in the 00’s)1940’s: Evidence of the first infections of humans with HIV (discovered in the 00’s) 1981:First clinical report of AIDS (UCLA)1981:First clinical report of AIDS (UCLA) 1983: Discovery of HIV1983: Discovery of HIV 1985: AZT, first antiretroviral drug1985: AZT, first antiretroviral drug 1996: Effective combination therapy (HAART)1996: Effective combination therapy (HAART) 2009: First reported “cure” of HIV infection2009: First reported “cure” of HIV infection

History of HIV from the Basic Science Perspective (Contributions of Basic Science) 1940’s: Evidence of the first infections of humans with HIV 1940’s: Evidence of the first infections of humans with HIV Identification and analysis of virus in frozen blood samples Identification and analysis of virus in frozen blood samples 1981:First Clinical report of AIDS (UCLA) 1981:First Clinical report of AIDS (UCLA) Identified CD4 T cell loss Identified CD4 T cell loss 1983: Discovery of HIV 1983: Discovery of HIV HIV was grown in the lab from a patient’s blood HIV was grown in the lab from a patient’s blood 1985: AZT first antiretroviral drug 1985: AZT first antiretroviral drug Addition of AZT to virus stopped its growth in the lab Addition of AZT to virus stopped its growth in the lab 1996: Effective combination therapy (HAART) 1996: Effective combination therapy (HAART) Development of new classes of drugs were due to greater understanding of the viruses structure and replication Development of new classes of drugs were due to greater understanding of the viruses structure and replication 2009: First reported “cure” of HIV infection 2009: First reported “cure” of HIV infection Identification of people who were not susceptible to infection due to lack of expression of an HIV receptor Identification of people who were not susceptible to infection due to lack of expression of an HIV receptor

What to look Out for: Basic Science Understanding of how the virus replicatesUnderstanding of how the virus replicates Understanding of how antiretroviral drugs workUnderstanding of how antiretroviral drugs work Understanding of the human immune system and how it is important in HIV infectionUnderstanding of the human immune system and how it is important in HIV infection Understanding of how HIV causes diseaseUnderstanding of how HIV causes disease Understanding of how passionate HIV researchers are in finding a cure and what these approaches may be.Understanding of how passionate HIV researchers are in finding a cure and what these approaches may be.

What basic scientists do needs to be conveyed to find a cure for HIV disease Understanding basic science aspects of HIV infection helps to communicate new research findings, better treatment options, and hope to your constituencies.