CHAPTER FIVE INFRASTRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES CHAPTER FIVE INFRASTRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

5-2 CHAPTER OVERVIEW  SECTION 5.1 – MIS INFRASTRUCTURE The Business Benefits of a Solid MIS Infrastructure Supporting Operations: Information MIS Infrastructure Supporting Change: Agile MIS Infrastructure  SECTION 5.2 – BUILDING SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURES MIS and the Environment Supporting the Environment: Sustainable MIS Infrastructure

SECTION 5.1 MIS INFRASTRUCTURES SECTION 5.1 MIS INFRASTRUCTURES 5-3

5-4 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1.Explain MIS infrastructure and its three primary types 2.Identify the three primary areas associated with an information MIS infrastructure 3.Describe the characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure

5-5 THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE  MIS infrastructure – Includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets Hardware Software Network Client Server

5-6 THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE  Supporting operations Information MIS infrastructure  Supporting change Agile MIS Infrastructure  Supporting the environment Sustainable MIS infrastructure

5-7 SUPPORTING OPERATIONS: INFORMATION MIS INFRASTRUCTURE  Backup and recovery plan  Disaster recovery plan  Business continuity plan

5-8 Backup and Recovery Plan  Backup – An exact copy of a system’s information  Recovery – The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure Fault tolerance Failover Failback

5-9 Backup and Recovery Plan  Disaster recovery plan - A detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood  Disaster recovery cost curve - Charts (1) the cost to the organization of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to the organization of recovering from a disaster over time

5-10 Backup and Recovery Plan

5-11 Backup and Recovery Plan  Hot site - A separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business  Cold site - A separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disaster  Warm site – A separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration

5-12 Business Continuity Plan  Business continuity planning (BCP) - A plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption

5-13 Business Continuity Plan  Emergency – a sudden unexpected event requiring immediate action  Emergency preparedness – ensures a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely, and effective manner

5-14 Business Continuity Plan

5-15 Business Continuity Plan  Business impact analysis – Identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them  Technology failure – occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware, software, or data outage  Incident – Unplanned interruption of a service  Incident management – the process responsible for managing how incidents are identified and corrected

5-16 SUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE  Characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure Accessibility Availability Maintainability Portability Reliability Scalability Usability

5-17 Accessibility  Accessibility - Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system  Web accessibility – Allows people with disabilities to use the Web  Administrator access – Unrestricted access to the entire system

5-18 Availability  Availability – Time frames when the system is operational  Unavailable – Time frames when a system is not operating and cannot be used  High availability – System is continuously operational at all times

5-19 Maintainability  Maintainability – How quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes  Organizations must watch today’s business, as well as tomorrow’s, when designing and building systems  Systems must be flexible enough to meet all types of business changes

5-20 Portability  Portability – The ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms

5-21 Reliability  Reliability - Ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information  Reliability is another term for accuracy when discussing the correctness of systems within the context of efficiency IT metrics  Vulnerability – a system weakness that can be exploited by a threat

5-22 Scalability  Scalability - How well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth  Performance - Measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction  Capacity planning - Determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance

5-23 Usability  Usability – The degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use  Serviceability – How quickly a third-party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts, including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or availability

SECTION 5.2 Building Sustainable MIS Infrastructures SECTION 5.2 Building Sustainable MIS Infrastructures 5-24

5-25 LEARNING OUTCOMES 4.Identify the environmental impacts associated with MIS 5.Explain the three components of a sustainable MIS infrastructures along with their business benefits

5-26 MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT  Moore’s Law - Refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months  Sustainable, or “green,” MIS - Describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment  Corporate social responsibility - Companies’ acknowledged responsibility to society

5-27 MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Three Primary Side Effects Of Businesses’ Expanded Use Of Technology

5-28 Increased Electronic Waste  Ewaste - Refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices  Sustainable MIS disposal - Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle

5-29 Increased Energy Consumption  Energy consumption – The amount of energy consumed by business processes and systems  Huge increases in technology use have greatly amplified energy consumption  The energy consumed by a computer is estimated to produce as much as 10 percent of the amount of carbon dioxide produced by an automobile

5-30 Increased Carbon Emissions  Carbon emissions – Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide produced by business processes and systems  When left on continuously, a single desktop computer and monitor can consume at least 100 watts of power per hour

5-31 SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENT: SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE  The components of a sustainable MIS infrastructure include

5-32 Grid Computing  Grid computing - A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem

5-33 Virtualized Computing  Virtualization - Creates multiple “virtual” machines on a single computing device

5-34 Virtualized Computing  Data center – A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems  Sustainable data centers Reduces carbon emissions Reduces required floor Space Chooses Geographic location

5-35 Cloud Computing  Cloud computing - A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction

5-36 Cloud Computing  Multi-tenancy – The cloud means that a single instance of a system serves multiple customers  Single-tenancy – Each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain an individual system  Cloud fabric – The software that makes possible the benefits of cloud computing, such as multi- tenancy

5-37 Cloud Computing

5-38 Cloud Computing

5-39 Cloud Computing

5-40 LEARNING OUTCOME REVIEW  Now that you have finished the chapter please review the learning outcomes in your text