The Renaissance Chapter 1 section 1

Essential Questions What changes in society and in cities stimulated the beginning of the Renaissance? What ideas formed the foundation for the Italian Renaissance? What contributions did artists make to the Renaissance?

Vocabulary Urban Society- city-states center for political, economic, & social life Secular- worldly view point Mercenaries- soldiers who sold services to the highest bidder Dowry- sum of money given by the wife’s family to the husband upon marriage Doge- elected leader in Venice

Italian Renaissance: Milan Clergy (pray) Venice Nobility 2-3% Characteristics Major City-States Three Estates Greek and Roman culture Milan Clergy (pray) Recovery from plague, political instability, decline of church power Venice Nobility 2-3% (Knights) Florence Peasants 85-90% Individual ability

City/State Leaders Economy Milan Venice Florence Cloth Rich Francesco Sforza Rich International power through trade Venice Medici family; Savonarola Florence Cloth

Italian States: Wars King Charles VIII (France) 1494 took Naples in Southern Italy (riches) Italians asked for help from the Spanish French and Spanish war for 30 years Sack of Rome in 1527= Spanish domination

Machiavelli - The Prince = how to acquire and keep power (abandon morality) “the end justifies the means” Castiglione- The Book of the Courtier: characteristics of a noble

Michelangelo Renaissance Man Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling between 1508 and 1512 The Creation of Adam

St. Peter David

Why did the Renaissance occur and what forces drove the new way of thinking in Italy, and eventually the rest of Europe?  Increased trade with Asia and other regions Growth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy Renewed interest in the classical learning of ancient Greece and Rome Rise of rich and powerful merchants, who became patrons of the arts Increased desire for scientific and technical knowledge Desire to beautify cities