Basic Concepts for APA Style: How to Implement it Efficiently Deanna Hanson-Abromeit Conservatory of Music and Dance Bob Schubert Faculty Center for Excellence in Teaching

Objectives Word Based Tools Paper Format Paper Sections Resources Questions

Using Word and APA Word 2007 Endnote Formats reference list and insertion of citations citation Endnote Bibliographic software Users can search, retrieve, and store citations directly from database

Paper Format 8 ½ X 11 paper, one sided 12 pt Times Roman or Courier Double spaced At least 1 inch margins – top, bottom, left, right Paragraphs indentation of ½ inch tab or 5-7 spaces Exceptions: abstract & block quotations

Paper Format Page Numbers Manuscript page headers Punctuation Number consecutively Begin with title page Upper right hand edge At least 1 inch from edge Manuscript page headers Identifier of manuscript pages First 2 or 3 words of title Right hand corner above or 5 spaces before page number Punctuation One space - periods and minus signs No space – internal periods (e.g., U.S., p.m.), hyphens, colons in ratios

Paper Sections Sections Title Page Abstract Text References Appendices Footnotes & Notes Tables Figures ` Found it easiest to format the paper at the beginning of the writing process

Title Page Running Head for Publication Title Byline and Affiliation Abbreviated title used for publication 50 characters max Flush left at the top of title page (below manuscript page header) ALL CAPS Title Centered; upper half of the page If more than one line, double space Byline and Affiliation In order of contribution Centered One double-space below title Authors from same institution type names on same line with affiliation below

Abstract Begin on a new page Manuscript Header and Page 2 in upper right hand corner of page Label page Abstract, centered at top of page Block paragraph form Not to exceed 120 words Type all numbers as Arabic numerals

Text Start on a new page; page number 3 Title of paper centered at the top of the page Double-space Begin text No page breaks between sections All pages have the manuscript page header and the page number

Headers – One to Five Levels Centered Uppercase and Lowercase Heading Method Flush left, italicized, upper & lower case side heading Participants Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period Description of groups.

In-text Citations Single Reference Citation Author last name and year of publication; separated by a comma e.g. (Hanson-Abromeit, 2009) Multiple Reference Citation Semi-colon (;) to separate multiple references for a single citation Alphabetical order e.g. (Hanson-Abromeit, 2009; Schubert, 2009) 3-5 authors, list all last names first time; subsequent citations are listed under first author followed by et al. and publication year 6 or more authors Last name first author et al., publication year e.g. (Hanson-Abromeit et al., 2009)

In-text Citations Book chapter Web site and electronic references Chapter author, comma (,) year of publication Web site and electronic references Author name (if available) and year Unknown author use page title or first couple of words of paragraph Unknown year use n.d. Refer to APA Style Guide to Electronic Resources Subsequent citation in same paragraph Author(s) name only; no date Author and date included in subsequent paragraphs

References Start on a new page; page number in upper right corner Title page, centered at top of page References Double space Hanging indent format Components of a reference: Philbin, M. K., & Evans, J. B. (2006). Standards for the acoustic environment of the newborn ICU. Journal of Perinatology, 26, S27–S30.

Appendixes Each Appendix started on a separate page Label each page, centered, at top Appendix Use letters to identify the Appendix if more than one Appendix A Appendix B Label appendix tables to correspond with the appendix Table B1

Footnotes & Notes Author Note Content & Copyright Permission Footnotes For blind review the author note should be place on the title page Separate page, center label Author Note Double spaced Content & Copyright Permission Footnotes Superscript Arabic numerals in text New page, label Footnotes, center Type all content of footnotes (do not use the automatic function as it may not translate accurately)

Tables Numbered consecutively as they appear in text Identified by the word Table and an arabic numeral, flush left; table title below label Table 1 Participant Comments Double space Begin each table on a separate page Center column heads over column; if a multiple pages are necessary repeat column heads

Figures and Figure Captions Numbered consecutively as they appear in text Identified by the word Figure and an arabic numeral, outside of the figure image or on the back Be sure to include the manuscript page header outside of the figure image or on the back Indicate the word TOP if orientation is not obvious Each figure must have a caption; captions are listed on a separate page, placed prior to the figures Figure 1. Discography of recorded music

Resources Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. (5th ed.) (2001). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/664/01/ http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.aspx ?doc_id=796 http://library.osu.edu/sites/guides/apagd.php APA Style Guide to Electronic Resources available from http://books.apa.org/books.cfm?id=4210509

Questions?