TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1 Chapter 23 Upon completion you will be able to: IP Over ATM Review the features of an ATM WAN Understand how an a datagram can.

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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1 Chapter 23 Upon completion you will be able to: IP Over ATM Review the features of an ATM WAN Understand how an a datagram can pass through an ATM WAN Understand how an IP packet is encapsulated in cells Understand how cells are routed in an ATM network Understand the function of ATMARP Objectives

TCP/IP Protocol Suite ATM WANS We review some features of the ATM WAN needed to understand IP over ATM. The only AAL used by the Internet is AAL5, sometimes called the simple and efficient adaptation layer (SEAL). The topics discussed in this section include: Layers

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 3 Figure 23.1 An ATM WAN in the Internet

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 4 Figure 23.2 ATM layers in routers and switches

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 5 End devices such as routers use all three layers, while switches use only the bottom two layers. Note:

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 6 Figure 23.3 AAL5

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 7 The AAL layer used by the IP protocol is AAL5. Note:

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 8 Figure 23.4 ATM layer

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 9 Figure 23.5 ATM headers

TCP/IP Protocol Suite CARRYING A DATAGRAM IN CELLS We show how an example of a datagram encapsulated in four cells and transmitted through an ATM network. The topics discussed in this section include: Why Use AAL5?

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 11 Figure 23.6 Fragmentation

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12 Only the last cell carries the 8-byte trailer added to the IP datagram. Padding can be added only to the last cell or the last two cells. Note:

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 13 The value of the PT field is 000 in all cells carrying an IP datagram fragment except for the last cell; the value is 001 in the last cell. Note:

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 14 Figure 23.7 ATM cells

TCP/IP Protocol Suite ROUTING THE CELLS The ATM network creates a route between two routers. We call these routers entering-point and exiting-point routers. The topics discussed in this section include: Addresses Address Binding

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 16 Figure 23.8 Entering-point and exiting-point routers

TCP/IP Protocol Suite ATMARP ATMARP finds (maps) the physical address of the exiting-point router given the IP address of the exiting-point router. No broadcasting is involved. The topics discussed in this section include: Packet Format ATMARP Operation

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 18 Figure 23.9 ATMARP packet

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 19 Table 23.1 OPER field

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 20 The inverse request and inverse reply messages can bind the physical address to an IP address in a PVC situation. Note:

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 21 Figure Binding with PVC

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 22 Figure Binding with ATMARP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 23 The request and reply message can be used to bind a physical address to an IP address in an SVC situation. Note:

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 24 The inverse request and inverse reply can also be used to build the server’s mapping table. Note:

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 25 Figure Building a table

TCP/IP Protocol Suite LOGICAL IP SUBNET (LIS) An ATM network can be divided into logical (not physical) subnetworks. This facilitates the operation of ATMARP and other protocols (such as IGMP) that need to simulate broadcasting on an ATM network.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 27 Figure LIS

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 28 LIS allows an ATM network to be divided into several logical subnets. To use ATMARP, we need a separate server for each subnet. Note: