It’s All Greek to Me! Disrupting Reality- The Cosmology of the Ancient Greeks.

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Presentation transcript:

It’s All Greek to Me! Disrupting Reality- The Cosmology of the Ancient Greeks

Greek View of the World

c B.C.HOMER n Iliad and Odyssey n Summaries of legends for which the constellations are named.

The World of Homer n The “world” surrounded by an ocean, enclosed in a celestial sphere n Quotation #1

c B.C. THALES of MILETUS n Rational inquiry leads to knowledge n Early cosmology n Water the fundamental element n Earth circle or cylindrical disk floating on water. n All motions circular n First to predict solar eclipse

c B.C. ANAXIMANDER n Founder of Astronomy? n Wrote comprehensive history of Universe n Universal medium n Earth a cylinder suspended in space n “Hoops of Anaximander”-tubular rings of fire n Quotation #2

c B.C. PYTHAGORAS of SAMOS nMnMathematical/ Mystical brotherhood nRnReality is mathematical in nature “All is number” nEnEarth is a sphere at the center of the universe, all celestial motions are circular.

Students of Pythagoras n PHILOLAUS c B.C. n Revealed secrets of the brotherhood n Earth moves around central fire n Quotation #3 n ANAXAGORAS n Moon reflects sunlight n Sun a red hot stone n Universe created in a huge vortex in the primordial chaos (Q #4) n Persecuted for impiety n Milky Way (Q #5)

c B.C. PLATO n Material world an imperfect representation of ideal creation n Learn by reason, not observation n The Academy: “Let none who has not learned geometry enter here.”

Students of Plato n EUDOXUS c B.C. n First mathematical cosmology n 27 spheres to account for motions of all known heavenly bodies n Quotation #6 n ARISTOTLE c B.C. n First to adopt Physical Laws-four elements plus quintessence n Spherical Earth n Eudoxus’s system REAL, not device. n The Lyceum

c B.C. ARISTARCHUS n Relative sizes and distances of earth, sun, moon n First to propose that Earth orbits sun n Objections: –Moving Earth –Lack of observable stellar parallax

c. 273-? B.C. ERATOSTHENES n Accurately measured the size of the earth

Two More Important Men... n APPOLONIUS c B.C. n Eccentric orbit for sun to account for apparent change in speed of sun over course of year n Epicycle to account for retrograde motion n HIPPARCHUS c B.C. n 1080 stars catalogued n amazing quantity of observational data