The Zulu and Sokoto Caliphate Emma Verstraete AP World History 7th Hour Discuss the process by which the Zulu and the Sokoto Caliphate were created. How typical were these examples of African state-building in this era?

Creation of the Zulu State Started by a young military genius named ‘Shaka’ As power and population increased surrounding areas became demoralized To protect themselves from the Zulu outlying regions occasionally created small states Shaka created a new national identity by dividing people into age ‘regiments’ Regiment members lived and worked together to learn new customs and lore of Zulu society.

Creation of the Sokoto Caliphate Occurred under the Hausa states Demanded religious reform, tolerating older religions no longer accepted The main point of a jihad– or holy war Muslims unhappy with their social or political position were large factors, they formed armies and forcibly took over the surrounding areas in the name of preserving Islam

African State Building Typically happened due to war fare Another way it happened was due to an attempt to protect from war nations, such as the Zulu Old traditions blended together to create new cultures as territories were conquered