BASICS OF CARDIORESPIRATORY ENDURANCE Chapter 7 Lesson 1 & 2

Lesson 1 Your Heart, Lungs, and Circulation Aerobic Activities and the Body Aerobic (with oxygen)  Continuous activity that requires large amounts of oxygen  Rowing  Step aerobics Anaerobic (without oxygen)  Activity requires high levels of energy and is done for only a few seconds or minutes at a high level of intensity.

The Heart Powerful pump 2000 gallons of blood per day 2 pumps  right Pulmonary - sends blood to the lungs  left Systemic - sends blood throughout the body

The Heart Septum – the wall of muscle that separates the Right and Left Chambers Veins – transport blood low in oxygen to the right atrium then the right ventricle Aorta – the largest artery in the body Coronary arteries – receive blood from the aorta and supply the heart muscle with its own oxygenated blood supply

The Heart – blood vessels Arteries carry blood away from the heart Arterioles Capillaries – where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs Venules Veins have no muscular wall, carry blood to the heart

Vein Valves

Resting Heartrate  Average 72 beats per minutes Hemoglobin  An iron rich compound in the blood that helps carry the oxygen  Helps your cells produce energy Stroke Volume  Amount of blood pumped per beat of the heart

Respiratory System  The body system that exchanges gases between your body and the environment.  Diaphragm  Muscle found between the chest cavity and abdomen Healthy Lungs breathe 6 liters of air per minute at rest up to 100 liters of air per minute during vigorous exercise

Effects of Training on the Heart & Blood System More blood is pumped Heart becomes stronger, larger, and more efficient  Reduces the number of beats per minute and more blood per beat (stroke volume) Increases the formation of capillaries in skeletal muscles and in the heart muscle.

Increase exchange of gases between blood and muscles.  Decrease fatigue during aerobic activities Decrease recovery time

Effects of training on the Blood Aerobic Training  Increase total blood volume  Increase red blood cells  Increase hemoglobin  Increase oxygen to muscle cells & removes waste product and carbon dioxide more efficiently  Increase HDL and decrease LDL Explain why each of the above is important?

Cardiorespiratory Endurance the ability of the body to work continuously for extended periods of time Benefits: increased energy less stress look and feel better

Lesson 2 Problems and Care of Your Heart and Lungs Lifestyle Diseases diseases that are the result of certain lifestyle choices. sedentary lifestyle (inactivity) Being overweight Smoking and using other forms of tobacco Eating foods high in fat and cholesterol

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) any medical disorder that affects the heart or blood vessels Leading cause of death in the U.S. 950,000

Atherosclerosis Plaque builds up inside the arteries, restricting or cutting off blood flow.

Cholesterol High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) - Good body produces more with aerobic activity Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) - BAD comes from food aerobic activity lowers

Progression of Atherosclerosis

Stroke Building up of deposits in the arteries that interrupts or blocks blood flow to the brain. Warning Signs:  Sudden numbness or weakness in face, arm or leg  Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding  Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes  Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination  Sudden, severe headache with no known cause Results in damage to the brain and can leave a person partially or totally paralyzed or death.

Peripheral Vascular Disease occurs mostly in the legs and less frequently in the arms Pain during physical activity Primary risk factors:  Cigarette smoking  Type 2 diabetes

Hypertension or High Blood Pressure Aka – the “Silent Killer” No symptoms 90-95% of the time, unknown cause Blood Pressure - The force of the blood in the main arteries -rises and falls as the heart and muscles of your body cope with varying demands: stress and vigorous physical activity Systolic/Diastolic  Systolic – pressure on arteries when heart contracts  Diastolic – pressure on arteries when heart relaxes  Normal blood pressure should be 140/90