Chapter 1 Cells Chapter Review

Chapter Review Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank 1. A(n) _____________ is the most basic unit of all living things. 2. The job that an organ does is the ____________of that organ. 3. Ribosomes and mitochondria are types of __________________. cell function organelles

Chapter Review Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank 4. A(n) ___________ is an organism whose cells have a nucleus. 5. A group of cells working together to perform a specific function is a(n) __________. 6. Only plant cells have a(n) ______________. eukaryote tissue cell wall

7. Which of the following best describes an organ? Chapter Review 7. Which of the following best describes an organ? a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job a group of tissues that belong to different systems a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific job a body structure, such as muscles or lungs

8. The benefits of being multicellular include… Chapter Review 8. The benefits of being multicellular include… small size, long life and cell specialization. generalized cells, longer life, and ability to prey on small animals. larger size, more enemies, and specialized cells. longer life, larger size, and specialized cells.

9. In eukaryotic cells, which organelle contains the DNA? Chapter Review 9. In eukaryotic cells, which organelle contains the DNA? nucleus Golgi complex Smooth ER vacuole

10. Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory? Chapter Review 10. Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory? All cells suddenly appear by themselves. All cells come from other cells. All organisms are multicellular. All cells have identical parts.

11. The surface area – to – volume ratio of a cell limits… Chapter Review 11. The surface area – to – volume ratio of a cell limits… The number of organelles that the cell has. The size of the cell. Where the cell lives. The types of nutrients that the cell needs.

12. Two types of organisms whose cells do not have a nucleus are… Chapter Review 12. Two types of organisms whose cells do not have a nucleus are… Prokaryotes and eukaryotes Plants and animals. Eubacteria and archaebacteria. Single-celled and multicellular organisms.

13. Explain why most cells are small. Chapter Review 13. Explain why most cells are small. Most cells are small because the surface area – to – volume ratio limits how big a cell can get. This means that the cell cannot get enough nutrients or get rid of all the wastes if it gets too large.

14. Describe the four levels of organization. Chapter Review 14. Describe the four levels of organization. The cell is the simplest and most basic unit of all living things. Tissues are a collection of similar cells that work together to perform a job. Organs are a collection of different tissues that work together to perform a job. Organ systems are a collection of organs that work together to perform a job.

Chapter Review 15. What is the difference between the structure of an organ and the function of the organ? The structure of an organ is how the organ is organized or how it LOOKS. The function of an organ is the JOB that organ actually does.

16. Name two functions of a cell membrane. Chapter Review 16. Name two functions of a cell membrane. The cell membrane encloses the cell and separates from the environment The cell membrane also controls what enters or leaves a cell

Chapter Review 17. What are the structure and function of the cytoskeleton of the cell? The structure of the cytoskeleton LOOKS like a web of proteins. The JOB or function of the cytoskeleton is to provide support for the cell and to help with movement.

Chapter Review 17. Concept Mapping: Use the following terms to create a concept map: cells, organisms, Golgi complex, organ systems, organs, nucleus, organelle, and tissues cells Combine to form… Are made of … Tissues Combine to form… organs Organelles Combine to form… Organ systems Such as… Golgi complex Nucleus Organisms Combine to form…

Chapter Review 19. Making Comparisons: Compare and contrast the function of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. Golgi Complex ER Takes materials from ER and packages them Series of folded membranes Makes lipids and proteins Both transport items throughout the cell Puts items for delivery into sacs called vesicles Delivers items throughout the cell inside passageways Can send items out of the cell

Chapter Review 20. Identifying Relationships: Explain how the structure and function of an organism’s parts are related. Give an example. The structure of an organ determines what the function will be. The example of the alveoli looking like a web of blood vessels allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged (function).

Chapter Review 21. Evaluating Hypotheses: One of your classmates states a hypothesis that all organisms must have organ systems. Is your classmate’s hypothesis valid? Explain your answer. The hypothesis is invalid because you can have unicellular organisms that are made of only one cell. There are no tissues, organs or organ systems.

Chapter Review 22. Predicting Consequences: What would happen if all of the ribosomes in your cells disappeared? Ribosomes make proteins that are essential for the cell to function. Without ribosomes, you would die.

Chapter Review 23. Expressing opinions: Scientists think that millions of years ago the surface of the Earth was very hot and that the atmosphere contained a lot of methane. In your opinion, which type of organism, a eubacterium or an archaebacterium, is the older form of life? Explain your reasoning. The archaebacterium is the older organism because it can live in more extreme (hotter) areas and one type actually makes methane and might be responsible for the high methane levels long ago.

Chapter Review Interpreting Graphics: Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.

24. What is the name of the structure identified by the letter a? Chapter Review 24. What is the name of the structure identified by the letter a? Letter a is the mitochondrion 25. Which letter identifies the structure that digests worn out organelles and foreign invaders? Letter b identifies the lysosome that does this job in the cell

Chapter Review 26. Which letter identifies the structure that makes proteins, lipids, and other materials and that contains tubes and passageways that enable substances to move to different places in the cell.? Letter c identifies the endoplasmic reticulum that does this function.