The Dramaturg What is their job?

The Dramaturg What is their job? 1.Advise the director on the literary aspects or historical facts of the play. 2.Help select theatre’s repertoire. 3.Translate, adapt, and/or edit texts 4.Clarify and explain cultural, social, and political aspects of a given play. 5.Contribute to the content and design of posters, programs, press releases, and other interactions with the media. 6.Collaborate with the director in casting. 7.Advise designers 8.Work with playwrights 9.Provide a second set of eyes and ears for the director to help keep a production on track in rehearsal.

Greek Theatre 534?-400 BCE

Festival Dionysus Dithyrambic Chorus

Thespis: First Actor, 534 BCE

Tragic Playwrights: Aeschylus Sophocles Euripedes Comic Playwright: Aristophanes

Greek Performance: Ekkyklema Chorus Masks

Greek Performance: Periaktoi

Theatron – “the seeing place” Skene Orchestra Paradoi Plan View of Theater at Epidaurus Ancient Greece

Aristotle: The Poetics, 335 BCE Earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and first philosophical treatise to focus on literary theory. Topics: Definition of Tragedy Parts of Tragedy Rules for construction of Tragedy

Roman Theatre 240 BCE-568 AD

Comic Playwrights Plautus BCE Terence BCE

Tragic Playwright Seneca 4 BCE-65 AD

Roman Republic Established 509 BCE 27 BCE Roman Empire Established

Theatre at Orange Orange, France 1st Century AD Scaenae frons Ancient Rome

Theatre at Orange Orange, France 1st Century AD Ancient Rome

Theatre at Orange Orange, France 1st Century AD Ancient Rome

The Colosseum Rome, Italy 1 st Century AD Ancient Rome

The Colosseum Rome, Italy 1 st Century AD Ancient Rome

RIFT BETWEEN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND ROMAN THEATRE 393 AD. Any religion other than Christianity outlawed in the Roman Empire 398 AD Christians excommunicated from Church if they went to theatre instead of Church on holy days 398 AD Actors forbidden church sacrements

Ancient Rome RIFT BETWEEN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND ROMAN THEATRE. WHY? 1.Associated with pagan gods and festivals 2.Plays and practitioners offended church morals. 3.Theatre often ridiculed the church.

The Fall of the Roman Empire September 4, 476 AD Ancient Rome

Medieval Drama – Mansions Western Europe After 925 AD Medieval Europe

Medieval Drama – Pageant Wagons Western Europe 1200 AD Medieval Europe

Renaissance

Renaissance Drama Italy Characters Pantalone Dottore Capitano Zanni

Teatro Olimpico Vicenza, Italy 1580 Renaissance Italy

Theatre at Orange Orange, France 1st Century AD Ancient Rome

Teatro Olimpico Vicenza, Italy 1580 Renaissance Italy

Teatro Farnese Parma, Italy 1618 Renaissance Italy

Renaissance in England Renaissance England William Shakespeare Christopher Marlowe Ben Jonson

Globe Theatre (Shakespeare) London, England 1599 – 1613 & Renaissance England

Globe Theatre (Shakespeare) London, England 1599 – 1613 & Renaissance England

Globe Theatre (Shakespeare) London, England 1599 – 1613 & Tiring House Inner Above Inner Below Pit Stage Galleries Renaissance England

Private Theatre (Staurt Court Masques) English Renaissance Late 16 th Century Renaissance England

Private Theatre (Staurt Court Masques) English Renaissance Late 16 th Century Renaissance England

English Civil War Roundheads vs. Royalists England

English Interregnum Oliver Cromwell, England

Execution! 1649 King Charles I, England

English Interregnum Oliver Cromwell, England

English Restoration Charles II England

English Restoration Drury Lane Theatre

English Restoration Comedy of Manners

French Renaissance Renaissance France

French Tennis Courts France Mid 16 th Century Renaissance France

Only permanent theatre in Paris Hôtel de Bourgogne

Moliere Jean Racine Pierre Corneille

SPANISH RENAISSANCE Renaissance Spain

Corral Theatre of Almagro Almagro, Spain 1628 Renaissance Spain

Modern Theatre

Influences Charles Darwin: On the Origin of Species Karl Marx: Das Kapital Sigmund Freud: Interpretation of Dreams Political and social unrest Fragmentation of society

5 Theatrical Movements in the Modern Era 1.Realism 2.Rejection of realism 3.Eclecticism 4.Continuation of Popular Theatre 5.Globalization

Realism Henrik Ibsen August Strindberg Anton Chekhov 3 early realistic playwrights.

American Realism Eugene O’Neill Arthur Miller Tennessee Williams 3 later realistic playwrights from the US.

The New Stagecraft Adolphe Appia Edward Gordon Craig Robert Edmond Jones

Eclectics

Popular Theatre

Theatre in Japan Origins: 350 BCE Noh Kabuki Bunraku

Theatre in Japan Noh Drama Derived from the word for skill or talent. Musical drama performed since the 14 th century Based on stories from traditional literature Uses masks, costumes, and dance.

Theatre in Japan Kabuki Most popular form of theatre in Japan. A dance/drama performed since the 17 th century Relies on live music and spectacle Uses elaborate makeup,

Theatre in Japan Bunraku Puppet theatre Very precise movements that lead to expressive puppets. Founded in 1684 Three types of performers: puppeteers, chanters, and musicians

Theatre in China Origins: BCE Dance Rituals Beijing Opera Unrelated to western opera Came to popularity in the 19 th century Includes: acrobatics and dance related movements, musical accompaniment, vocal performance, elaborate costumes, and makeup