PERIODIZATION, THEMES, AND ANALYSIS A.P. WORLD HISTORY: PERIODIZATION, THEMES, AND ANALYSIS

A.P. WORLD HISTORY: PERIODIZATION

WHAT IS PERIODIZATION? Each period is defined by three conditions A geographical component When civilization contracts, shrinks When civilization spreads from smaller to wider area Increase, decrease in contacts across regions Emergence of parallel developments across globe Dates not best way to define a period Period may occur At different time In different regions

PERIOD 1 ANCIENT PERIOD To 600 BCE Neolithic Period Growth of agriculture Generally small city-states, states Neolithic Period Ancient River Valley Civilizations Rise of trade Ends with rise of large, regional empires

PERIOD 2 CLASSICAL PERIOD 600 BCE to 600 CE Large, regional empires Military aristocracies Integrate regions Permanent traditions and religions Regional civilizations China, India, SW Asia, Mediterranean Mesoamerica and Andean America Strong contacts between regional centers Many areas outside classical civilizations Ends with massive nomadic invasions

PERIOD 3 POST-CLASSICAL PERIOD 600 CE to 1450 CE Began with rise of Islam First trans-regional civilization Spans Eurasia and Africa Era of two great powers: Islam, China Spread of universalizing religions, philosophies Saw rise of new civilization centers Emergence of network of global contacts Ended due to Mongols, Black Death

PERIOD 4 EARLY MODERN PERIOD 1450-1750 Rise of gunpowder empires Rise of Western Europe World shrinks All continents included in world network Global trade develops for first time Great exchanges Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs Ideas especially European, Christianity

PERIOD 5 MODERN PERIOD 1750 to 1900: “The West and the Rest” Era of massive technological change Era of many revolutions Technological Political Social, Intellectual Vast trade networks Western global hegemony Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia USA, Japan are newest powers Dominance of Western culture

PERIOD 6 CONTEMPORARY PERIOD 1900 to Present “Change, Change, Change” The American century and retreat of Europe Rise of Pacific Rim, India Collapse of European empires Modernization vs. westernization Modernization vs. traditionalism Rise of new political forms Mass culture Technology, telecommunications dominate age

A.P. WORLD HISTORY: THEMES

Interaction between humans and the environment

Interaction between humans and the environment Demography and disease Migration Patterns of settlement Technology

Development and interaction of cultures

Development and interaction of cultures Religions Belief systems, philosophies and ideologies Science and technology The arts and architecture

State-building, expansion, and conflict

State-building, expansion, and conflict Political structures and forms of governance Empires Nations and nationalism Revolts and revolution Regional, transregional, and global structures and organizations

Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems

Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems Agricultural and pastoral production Trade and commerce Labor systems Industrialization Capitalism and socialism

Development and transformation of social structures

Development and transformation of social structures Gender roles and relations Family and kinship Racial and ethnic constructions Social and economic classes

A.P. WORLD HISTORY: ANALYSIS

COMPARISON

CHANGE & CONTINUITY

PERIODIZATION, THEMES, AND ANALYSIS A.P. WORLD HISTORY: PERIODIZATION, THEMES, AND ANALYSIS