MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan1 Systems Investigation and Analysis Chapter 12

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan2 Principles and Learning Objectives Effective systems development requires a team effort of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel, and it starts with careful planning. –Identify the key participants in the systems development process and discuss their roles. –Define the term information systems planning and list several reasons for initiating a systems project. –Identify important system performance requirements for applications that run on the Internet or a corporate intranet or extranet. –Discuss three trends that illustrate the impact of enterprise resource planning software packages on systems development.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan3 Principles and Learning Objectives Systems development often uses tools to select, implement, and monitor projects, including net present value (NPV), prototyping, rapid application development, CASE tools, and object-oriented development. –Discuss the key features, advantages, and disadvantages of the traditional, prototyping, rapid application development, and end- user systems development life cycles. –Identify several factors that influence the success or failure of a systems development project. –Discuss the use of CASE tools and the object-oriented approach to systems development.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan4 Principles and Learning Objectives Systems development starts with investigation and analysis of existing systems. –State the purpose of systems investigation. –Discuss the importance of performance and cost objectives. –State the purpose of systems analysis and discuss some of the tools and techniques used in this phase of systems development.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan5 An Overview of Systems Development

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan6 Participants in Systems Development

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan7 Initiating Systems Development

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan8 Information Systems Planning

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan9 Aligning Corporate and IS Goals

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan10 Developing a Competitive Advantage Creative analysis Critical analysis –Going beyond automating manual systems –Question assumptions –Identify and resolve conflicting objectives

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan11 Establishing Objectives for Systems Development Performance objectives –Output quality or usefulness –Output format quality or usefulness –Speed at which output is produced Cost objectives –Development costs –Fixed investments –Ongoing operating costs –Uniqueness costs

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan12 Systems Development and E- Commerce Internet technology - enables companies to extend their information systems beyond their boundaries to reach their customers, suppliers, and partners. Dynamic Core Business Application that runs over the Web - must be reliable and fault tolerant, providing continuous availability while processing all transactions accurately.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan13 Trends in Systems Development and ERP ERP vendor as one-stop provider Applications to integrate with ERP systems External consulting

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan14 Systems Development Life Cycles

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan15 Systems Development Life Cycles

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan16 The Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan17 Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional SDLC

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan18 Prototyping

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan19 Prototyping

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan20 Advantages and Disadvantages of Prototyping

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan21 Rapid Application Development (RAD)

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan22 Reasons for Outsourcing

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan23 Factors Affecting Systems Development Success Degree of Change –Continuous Improvement versus Reengineering –Managing change

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan24 Factors Affecting Systems Development Success

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan25 Quality and Standards

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan26 The Capability Maturity Model (CMM)

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan27 Project Management Project schedule Project milestone Project deadline Critical path

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan28 Use of Project Management Tools

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan29 Use of Project Management Tools

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan30 Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools Automate many of the tasks required in a systems development effort and enforce adherence to the SDLC, thus instilling a high degree of rigor and standardization to the entire systems development process Upper-CASE tools - CASE packages that focus on activities associated with the early stages of systems development. Lower-CASE tools - focus on the later stages of systems development and are capable of automatically generating structured program code. Integrated-CASE tools - provide links between upper- and lower-CASE packages.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan31 CASE Tools

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan32 Object-Oriented Systems Development Object-oriented systems development typically involves: Identifying potential problems and opportunities within the organization that would be appropriate for the OO approach Defining the kind of system users require Designing the system Programming or modifying modules Evaluation by users Periodic review and modification

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan33 Systems Investigation In general, systems investigation attempts to uncover answers to the following questions: –What primary problems might a new or enhanced system solve? –What opportunities might a new or enhanced system provide? –What new hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, personnel, or procedures will improve an existing system or are required in a new system? –What are the potential costs (variable and fixed)? –What are the associated risks?

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan34 Participants in Systems Investigation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan35 Feasibility Analysis

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan36 Sample Net Present Value Calculation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan37 Object-Oriented Systems Investigation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan38 The Systems Investigation Report

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan39 Systems Analysis

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan40 Identifying Sources of Data

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan41 Collecting Data

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan42 Data Analysis Data modeling Activity modeling Application flowcharts Grid charts CASE tools

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan43 Data and Activity Modeling

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan44 Application Flowcharts

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan45 Grid Charts

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan46 Requirements Analysis Asking directly Critical success factors (CSFs) The IS plan Screen and report layout

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan47 The IS Plan

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan48 Screen and Report Layout

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan49 Object-Oriented Systems Analysis

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan50 The Systems Analysis Report

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan51 Summary Systems development team - of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel Five phases of the traditional SDLC - investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and review Systems investigation participants - stakeholders, users, managers, employees, analysts, and programmers