Organum and the Notre Dame School Please take handout.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

 In this edition of this or that you need to categorize two schools of philosophy: Humanism or Medieval. HumanismMedieval 15 th to 17 th century5 th to.

Advertisements

He Development of Polyphony. Polyphony in the ninth and tenth centuries Artistic style of Carolingian/imperial period — addition of mass Addition of weight.

Medieval Review Make a timeline, , that includes POLITICS: Charlemagne, Battle of Hastings, plague ARCHITECTURE: Romanesque (approx.), Gothic start.

Gothic Period Music Irene Milidakis Cultural Studies.

Music of the Middle Ages From Gregorian Chant to the Renaissance.

C Key Points in History  Fall of the Roman Empire (476 C.E.)  Charlemange crowned first Holy Roman Emperor (800)  Kublai Khan ( ),

Medieval Music. Sacred Music Plainchant – Single, simple melodic line – Sacred text – Notation used neumes – Hildegard Von Bingen Wrote antiphons (poetic.

Elements of Music (continued)

Art and Music The Gothic Style

SECULAR MUSIC IN THE MIDDLE AGES  Troubadours and trouveres: –First large body of secular songs surviving –Composed during 12 th and 13 th c.  Best known.

Medieval Music 200 – 1400 AD.

Music of the Middle Ages From Gregorian Chant to the Renaissance Copyright © Frankel Consulting Services, Inc.

Music in the Middle Ages

Chapter 6 The Middle Ages. Middle Ages Timeline Key Terms Jongleurs Liturgy Plainchant Medieval modes Reciting tone Antiphon Melisma Sequence Troubadours.

Icon of Blessed Virgin Mary Byzantine

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill The World of Music 6 th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter.

Medieval Period - Continued Polyphony The combination of two or more simultaneous melodic lines. Helped bring about meters and precise notation.

Music in the Middle Ages

Music History Periods: Part I  Medieval  Renaissance  Baroque  Classical  Romantic  Modern.

Humanism and Music. Imagination freed from authority Decline in role of church — end of reliance on auctoritas Pre-Christian civilization for models Humanism.

MUSIC HISTORY TIME PERIODS MIDDLE AGES (450 fall of Rome – 1450 printing press invented) RENAISSANCE (1450 – 1600 Birth of Opera) BAROQUE (1600 – 1750.

Medieval Music.

Chapter 6 The Renaissance The “High Renaissance” Style.

Notations of Early Polyphony Dasian Notation Modal Notation.

CHANT an astonishing collection of melodies a vast body of work reflecting individual composition, communal refinement, and collective memory.

Catholic Music ( CE): Early Polyphony.

Please take handout. Leonin & Perotin Paris, ca A. D.  Organum/Discant Style Tripla/Quadrupla Organum (pl. orgamum)

Medieval Era (Middle Ages)

CHAPTER 9 MUSIC IN THE CATHEDRAL CLOSE AND UNIVERSITY: CONDUCTUS AND MOTET.

Announcements Activity 1 due 1/30 Activity 1 due 1/30.

The First Literate Repertory in Western Music Gregorian Chant.

Music: An Appreciation 10th Edition by Roger Kamien

Music in the Middle Ages ( )

Concise History of Western Music

Begins on page 65 Chapter 8 Medieval Music Medieval Times  Lasted from about 1100 to 1450  Scholasticism  Chivalry  Founding of universities  Building.

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The World of Music 7 th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 9: Music.

Music Is The Art Of Expressing Yourself Through Sound.

CHAPTER 7 EARLY POLYPHONY. ORGANUM IN MUSIC THEORY SOURCES Western art music is marked by one important characteristic: polyphony—not melody, not rhythm.

CHANT an astonishing collection of melodies a vast body of work reflecting individual composition, communal refinement, and collective memory.

© McGraw-Hill Higher Education Music: An Appreciation 9th Edition by Roger Kamien Part II The Middle Ages.

The Middle Ages “When God saw that many men were lazy, and gave themselves only with difficulty to spiritual reading, He wished to make it easy for them,

THE MEDIEVAL ERA. SACRED VS SECULAR Sacred = music of the church Sacred = music of the church Secular = music anywhere else, popular music Secular = music.

Music in History. Oldest written song yet known - "Hurrian Hymn no.6" Preserved for 3400 years on a clay tablet, written in the Cuniform text of the ancient.

Secular Music in the Middle Ages

Medieval A.D..  Answer: What brought about the “Dark Ages” (the Medieval time period)?

Polyphony in the Middle Ages. What is “Organum”?  Polyphonic music based on monophonic chant  Developed in the 11 th century as a way to decorate chant.

Humanism or Medieval. HumanismMedieval 15 th to 17 th century5 th to 15 th century Return to pagan classics (Greeks and Romans) Humans can use logic and.

Sacred Music of the Middle Ages From Gregorian Chant to Ars Nova.

Music Of The Middle Ages AD Georgia Ferrell 2009 Music Theory Mr. Armstrong.

Middle Ages and Renaissance Worldview, Music. Medieval World: Church is the center of life and thought Music, sacred and secular, is mostly monophonic.

Latin in Culture Catherine Cannavina.

Music in the Middle Ages

6/6/2018 5:28 AM The Medieval Period AD

The World of Music 6th edition

Music: An Appreciation 10th Edition by Roger Kamien

Chants and Masses Worship through Song.

MUH Music History I “Plainchant and Secular Monophony”

Early Music – Medieval Some examples and resources.

Medieval Music 200 – 1400 AD.

Resident Medieval Medieval Era – Part 2.

Organum / Ars Antiqua.

MUH Music History I “Polyphony to 1300”

MUH Music History I “Polyphony to 1300”

Music of the Middle Ages.

Music in the Medieval and Renaissance Eras

Secular Music in the Middle Ages

Guilliame de Machaut Notre Dame Mass.

The Late Medieval 12th to 14th centuries.

Presentation transcript:

Organum and the Notre Dame School Please take handout

1180 A. D

Notre Dame, Paris

Perotin: 4-part organum, “Viderunt omnes”

These singers attempt, with the lewdness of a lascivious voice, to feminize all their spellbound little fans with the way they render their phrase. When such practices go too far, they can more easily occasion titillation between the legs than a sense of devotion in the brain. John of Salisbury (ca. 1180)

From Chant to Polyphony I. Introduction: The Medieval Concept of Authority III. Phase II: Notre Dame Organum (Paris ca. 1200) II. Phase I: Early Forms of Polyphony (ca. 850 to ca.1160) IV. The Payoff

Authority: Exhibit A. Gloss Knowledge is a commentary on or elaboration of existing authoritative text Bible or other authoritative text Commentary I. Introduction: The Medieval Concept of Authority

Ave, ancilla Domini tu humillima laude felix virgo devotissima Maria, stella ducents nos ad celestia ubi sonant angelorum cantica. Gratia, que per Evam fuit perturbata, per te nobis est reconciliata. Plena.... Authority: Exhibit B. Medieval Prayer & Poem Poem = commentary on/elaboration of of existing authoritative text Ave Maria, Gratia plena, Dominus tecum Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you

1. Organum Defined = Commentary on/elaboration of existing text 3. Musical Authority = 2. Organum based on Medieval idea of authority Authority: Exhibit C. ? Gregorian Chant = Early sacred polyphony; = the earliest Western music in >1 part (e.g.,Viderunt omnes) rganum ? O 4. Organum = elaboration/commentary on chant

II. Early Forms of Organum (to ca. 1160) A. Parallel Organum Pie Jesu Domine, Dona eis requiem

II. Early Forms of Organum (to ca. 1160) A. Parallel Organum Musica Enchiriadis = Musical Handbook Treatise, ca. 900 A.D. 1of first descriptions: early organum. Parallel Organum = chant elaborated by doubling at higher (or lower) pitch, usually the interval of a 5th

II. Early Forms (cont.) B. Free Organum 1. Melody added to chant in note-against-note style 2. Melodic contour of added line differs from chant 3. Free Organum moves from improvisation to composition Newly added voice Chant (black notes)

III. Notre Dame Organum  Cornerstone 1163  Altar dedicated 1182  ca : Leonin Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris

III. Notre Dame Organum A. Leonin and the Magnus Liber 1. Magnus Liber =Great Book 2. Organum duplum 2-voice organum: 1 voice= chant 2 nd = newly composed 3. Leonin’s organa based on soloists’ parts of responsorial chants Primary source for Notre Dame Organum

Responsorial Chant: Viderunt omnes OrganumChoir 1. Original Responsorial Chant: 2. Notre Dame Organum: SoloistChoir

III. Notre Dame Organum (cont.) B. Two Styles for Elaborating Chant: 1. Organum style (organum purum or pure organum) 2. Discant style Chant is sung in lowest part, the tenor Chant or tenor = long held notes Many notes in added upper voice or duplum for each note of original chant (often > 20:1)

Organum Style Soloist Portion of Chant

III. Notre Dame Organum (cont.) B. Two Styles for Elaborating Chant: 1. Organum purum (pure organum) or organum style 2. Discant style Chant is sung in lowest part, the tenor Chant or tenor = long held notes Many notes in added upper voice or duplum for each note of original chant (often > 20:1) Chant is sung in lowest part, the tenor But tenor notes move more quickly than in organum style ( often 1:1 )

Discant Style Soloist Portion of Chant

Organum Style Discant Style Is organum vs. discant choice up to composer? If chant was syllabic, then organum style If chant was melismatic, then discant style

III. Notre Dame Organum (cont.) C. The Generation of Perotin, ca Wrote substitute clausulae, a new section of music in discant style 2. Tripla and quadrupla 3. Thinking Musically: Alters chant in lowest voice or tenor

Emphasizes not individual creativity, but a process of communal creation Relies on Appeals to Authority Is Bound by Numerous Rules & Constraints Is Based on Sacred Ideas, Texts Has Structure that is deeply Hierarchical/Layered IV.The Payoff Question: What __? a) Hip-Hop b) Beethoven Symphonies c) Organum d) Medieval culture

IV.The Payoff Question: What __?