Solution Stoichiometry

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What is the concentration of the solution?. What is in the flask?

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Presentation transcript:

Solution Stoichiometry Solution Stoichiometry uses molarity as a conversion factor between volume and moles of a substance in a solution.

Titrations Titration: A technique for determining the concentration of a solution by measuring the volume of one solution needed to completely react with another solution. This is a special case of a Limiting Reagent! Usually the reaction of an acid with a base.

Analyte + Titrant → Products Titrations Analyte: the solution of unknown concentration but known volume. Titrant: the solution of known concentration. Process: Add titrant until all of the analyte has reacted, then record the volume of titrant added. Analyte + Titrant → Products

Titrations Equivalence Point: the point at which exactly the right volume of titrant has been added to complete the reaction. Indicator: substance that changes color when an excess of titrant has been added (phenolphthalein, bromocresol green).

Phenolphthalein

Methyl Orange

Delivery of Titrant Adding titrant drop-wise. How many drops fit into 1mL? Process: Calibration-hold the pipette in the VERTICAL position and deliver the titrant into a graduated cylinder while counting every drop.

Copy the following “Data Tables” Vinegar Antacid Measurement Value Analyte Volume Titrant Molarity Calibration Indicator Acid Base Reaction Mole Ratio Measurement Value Analyte Quantity Titrant Molarity Calibration Volume Indicator Acid Base Reaction Mole Ratio Vinegar Antacid 10mL 1tablet in 20mL H2O NaOH HCl 1.00M 3.00M ____drops ____mL ____drops ____mL phenolphthalein Methyl orange Colorless Pink Pink Yellow

Titrations Calculations Find the number of moles of titrant added to reach the endpoint. Determine the moles of analyte that must have been present (use stoichiometric coefficients). Determine the concentration of analyte that must have been present in the flask (use the volume of analyte).

Titrations Example #1: 14.84 mL of an HCl solution of unknown concentration is titrated with standard NaOH solution. At the equivalence point, 25.0 mL of the 0.675 M NaOH has been added. Calculate the concentration of the HCl solution. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O Hints: Titrant = ?moles Analyte = ?moles ?Liters Answer = 1.14 M

Stoichiometry Measurement Calculation moles of titrant moles of analyte (use stoichiometric coefficients). concentration of analyte

NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2 Titrations Example #2: An antacid tablet containing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and weighing 4.00 g is dissolved in water. The solution is titrated to the equivalence point with 50.0 mL of 0.200 M HCl. Calculate the mass% of sodium bicarbonate in the tablet. NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2 Titrant = ? Analyte = ? (21.0%)