Neurons transmit the message, synapses modulate the message

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Neurons transmit the message, synapses modulate the message 6.5 Neurons and synapses Neurons transmit the message, synapses modulate the message

Neurons transmit electrical impulses Q: Draw and label a neuron. Use arrows to show the direction an impulse travels and saltatory conduction. The myelination of nerve fibres allows for saltatory conduction.

Neurons pump Na+1 and K+1 ions across their membranes to generate a resting potential Q: With respect to positive and negative charges, what is “potential”? Q: Describe the resting potential of a neuron.

http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp44/4402s.swf

From McGraw Hill: http://goo.gl/tI2MD http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/actionp.html

An action potential consists of depolarization and repolarization of the neuron Q: Differentiate between depolarization and repolarization. Nerve impulses are action potentials propagated along the axons of neurons.

Q: Define propagation. Q: Define threshold potential. Propagation of nerve impulses is the result of local currents that cause each successive part of the axon to reach the threshold potential Q: Define propagation. Q: Define threshold potential.

Skill: Analysis of oscilloscope traces showing resting and action potentials

Synapses are junctions between neuron; between neurons and receptor or effector cells Q: Differentiate between a receptor and an effector.

When presynaptic neurons are repolarized they release a neurotransmitter into the synapse Q: What is the most common neurotransmitter? Q: What happens to this neurotransmitter in the synapse? A nerve impulse is only initiated if the threshold potential is reached. Application: Secretion and reabsorption of acetylcholine by neurons at synapses.

http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/synaptic.swf

Application: Blocking of synaptic transmission at cholinergic synapses in insects by binding of neonicotinoid pesticides to acetylcholine receptors.

Application: The social effects of the abuse of psychoactive drugs could be considered, as could the use of the Botox for cosmetic treatments