2.2 The Classification of Matter

2.2 The Classification of Matter Materials Elements Compounds Mixtures

2.2 The Classification of Matter Materials Material Substance Mixture

2.2 The Classification of Matter Materials Material Operational Definition Conceptual Definition substance all samples have the same proportions of components - a material with only one set of properties a material with atoms that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio a material which in the solid phase has only one pattern and/or grouping of atoms throughout mixture a material with components that retain their own individual identities and can thus be separated the same components may be mixed in different proportions a material composed of more than one substance text page 74

2.2 The Classification of Matter Materials Material Substance Mixture Element Compound

2.2 The Classification of Matter Materials Material Operational Definition Conceptual Definition element a substance that cannot be decomposed a substance composed of only one type of atom compound a substance that can be decomposed a substance composed of more than one type of atom text page 74

2.2 The Classification of Matter Elements Material Substance Mixture Element Compound

2.2 The Classification of Matter Elements Element Metal Metalloid Non-metal

2.2 The Classification of Matter Elements NON-METALS 1 H 2 He 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 I 54 Xe 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn METALS METALLOIDS

2.2 The Classification of Matter Elements Metals Good conductors of heat & electricity Malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets) Ductile (can be drawn into wires) Lustrous Non-Metals Poor conductors of heat & electricity Many are gases at room temperature In the solid phase their crystals are brittle Metalloids Some metallic properties (although weakly) (Semi-metals) Some non-metallic properties text pages 75-76

2.2 The Classification of Matter Compounds Material Substance Mixture Element Compound

2.2 The Classification of Matter Compounds Compound Organic Inorganic

2.2 The Classification of Matter Compounds Organic Contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms. May contain other types of atoms as well Inorganic Do not contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms. text page 76

2.2 The Classification of Matter Compounds Compounds may be further classified as molecular or ionic, binary or non-binary, and by their family. Molecular A molecule is a neutral group of covalently bonded atoms. Compounds consisting of molecules are called molecular compounds. Ionic An ion is a charged atom or group of atoms. Ionic compounds consist of positively and negatively charged ions held together by their opposite electric charges. text pages 76-77

2.2 The Classification of Matter Compounds Compounds may be further classified as molecular or ionic, binary or non-binary, and by their family. Binary A binary compound is composed of only two elements. Non-binary A non-binary compound is composed of more than two elements. text page 76

2.2 The Classification of Matter Compounds Compounds may be further classified as molecular or ionic, binary or non-binary, and by their family. There are many families of inorganic and organic compounds including acids, bases, and salts. Other families of organic compounds such as aldehydes, esters, ethers, carbohydrates, etc. will be covered in chapter 8.

2.2 The Classification of Matter Compounds Compounds may be further classified as molecular or ionic, binary or non-binary, and by their family. Acid Appears to be a compound having one or more H+ ions bonded to an anion. In reality, acids are a special type of molecule that can be induced to form these ions. Base The most common type of base is a hydroxide. Salt Any ionic compound other than a hydroxide text page 78

2.2 The Classification of Matter Mixtures Material Substance Mixture Element Compound

2.2 The Classification of Matter Mixtures Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous

2.2 The Classification of Matter Mixtures Material Operational Definition Conceptual Definition Homogeneous mixture a mixture that appears the same throughout the individual particles are smaller than 1 μm Heterogeneous a mixture that doesn’t appear the same throughout At least some particles are larger than 1 μm text page 78

2.2 The Classification of Matter Mixtures Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous Solution Colloid

2.2 The Classification of Matter Mixtures Material Operational Definition Conceptual Definition Solution does not exhibit the Tyndall Effect and cannot be separated by centrifugation All particles are smaller than 1 nm. Colloid does exhibit the Tyndall Effect and can be separated by centrifugation Particles comprising the medium are smaller than 1 nm but the dispersed particles are between 1 nm and 1 μm in size. text pages 79-81